Abstract: Drilling and blasting methods employ mechanical drilling and explosive detonation to fragment rocks. These methods offer flexibility and high efficiency, making them the primary methods for underground construction. In drilling and blasting construction, the quality of peripheral blasting is crucial because it determines the blast shape as well as the extent of rock damage in underground engineering. In the first article, the authors summarized that the basic theory of rock blasting must address two key scientific issues: (1) the coupling mechanism between the work done by an explosive detonation and the energy consumption of rock fragmentation, and (2) the fine control principle of explosive energy release and blast crack propagation. The “constitutive relationship,” “dynamic-static relationship,” and “interaction mechanism between blast waves and cracks” are key approaches to solving scientific issues, whereas “damage evaluation” effectively assesses blasting effects. The keys to “damage evaluation” are the establishment of a reliable system to evaluate blasting damage and the creation of a precise metric to measure rock damage. Based on the fractal theory, an evaluation system covering “macroscopic-mesoscopic-microscopic” and “point-line-surface-cube” dimensions is established. The “three scales” evaluation system is based on the geometric damage scale. After blasting, initial defects in the rock are induced and activated. Defects at the microscopic scale (geometric scale > 10^?3 m) develop and expand, eventually manifesting as damage at the mesoscopic (geometric scale: 10^?6–10^?3 m) and microscopic (geometric scale < 10^?6 m) scales. The macroscopic dimension is the rock fragmentation size after blasting. The mesoscopic dimension is the range of blasting fracture expansion. The microscopic dimension is the morphology of the cracked microscopic surfaces. The “four dimensions” evaluation system assesses the blasting damage based on a spatial distribution. Points refer to CT (Computed Tomography) scanning conducted on a rock core, lines pertain to borehole imaging inside the surrounding rock, surfaces relate to the blasting contour quality, and cubes involve cross-hole acoustic wave testing within the surrounding rock. The implementation of the “three scales and four dimensions” evaluation system enables an accurate assessment of both the degree and extent of blasting damage. This approach holds significant guiding importance for elucidating the mechanisms underlying blasting damage and achieving precise control over such damage. Based on existing achievements, further work can use the “macroscopic-mesoscopic-microscopic” comprehensive evaluation system to reveal the interrelationships of multidimensional blasting damage and improve traditional damage variable definitions and fractal theory characterization. These can be achieved by incorporating mesoscopic and microscopic damage data and using the “point-line-surface-cube” comprehensive evaluation system to improve the blasting damage database for surrounding rock in roadways with varying burial depths, rock types, and geological structures. Multidimensional and multimethod data support the prediction of internal damage from surface observations and overall damage from local assessments. Based on the current findings, the authors can further design and optimize newly shaped charge structures under the guidance of a comprehensive damage evaluation system. A 90° slit charge is ideal for the damage control of a rock roadway contour. Three-slit charges offer a higher explosive energy efficiency than traditional slit charges, which effectively breaks the rock within the excavation area while maintaining directional fractures. Double-shaped charges enhance the performance with early control, minimal transmission, and longer directional cracks.