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基于圖神經網絡的最優裝礦溜井選擇模型

Optimal orepass selection model based on graph neural network

  • 摘要: 針對金屬礦山井下選擇裝礦溜井時過度依賴人工經驗,常導致決策不合理的問題,建立能夠科學選擇最優裝礦溜井的預測模型,優化溜井選擇決策以提升有軌運輸效率. 以安徽白象山鐵礦–495水平為研究對象,采集該水平溜井、巷道信息及礦石采裝、運輸等數據. 將數據預處理成能描述該水平路網結構的拓撲矩陣,與包含路段/溜井基礎信息、路段/溜井軌跡信息、溜井時序料位信息的特征向量,用作模型訓練與驗證. 結合拆分時序特征、優化池化輸出、編碼邊特征的模型改進設計,構建并訓練能兼顧溜井屬性、路段屬性、路網拓撲的時序圖神經網絡模型Time-series transformer graph convolutional network (T-TransGCN),將預測結果作為最優裝礦溜井選擇結果. 驗證結果顯示:(1) T-TransGCN能兼顧節點屬性與拓撲信息,相較時序人工神經網絡Time-series multi-layer perceptron (T-MLP)與時序基準圖模型Time-series graph convolutional network (T-GCN),T-TransGCN穩定且有較強的擬合能力;(2)時序料位特征有助于T-TransGCN理解溜井近期動態,軌跡特征能動態反映不同溜井的重要程度,同時幫助模型理解相鄰節點相似、岔路節點相似等信息. 兩類新特征的引入均能有效提升T-TransGCN泛化能力;(3)引入邊特征、優化T-TransGCN池化層輸出、拆分時序料位特征,能進一步提升T-TransGCN擬合能力、泛化能力與穩定性.

     

    Abstract: Overdependence on manual experience frequently leads to the irrational selection of orepass. Therefore, a scheduling model needs to be established to make sound decisions on orepass selection, increase the efficiency of underground rail transport, and improve production efficiency in metal mines. In this study, the ?495 level of the Baixiangshan iron mine in Anhui Province is used as a research object. Orepass information, tunnel information, and historical mining, loading, and transporting data are collected. The data are then preprocessed to obtain a 130-order matrix that can describe the rail transit topology. Several vectors containing road/orepass basic information, road/orepass trajectory information, and orepass chronological material-level information are used for model training and validation. Time-series transformer graph convolutional network, which is denoted as T-TransGCN, is a temporal graph neural network that integrates orepass features, road features, and rail topology information. T-TransGCN is proposed to determine the optimal orepass selection. It enhances performance through splitting temporal features, fine-tuning the pooling layer architecture, and embedding edge features. Validated results show that (1) the T-TransGCN model is better than the Time-series multi-layer perceptron (T-MLP) and the Time-series graph convolutional network (T-GCN). The label accuracy, F1 score, and Top-3 accuracy of T-TransGCN improve by 7.33%, 17.00%, and 14.26% compared with those of T-MLP, which indicates that T-TransGCN can effectively integrate node attributes and topology information. Moreover, T-TransGCN has a relatively higher number of model parameters, more complex model structure, greater stability, and stronger fitting capability than T-GCN. (2) The addition of chronological material-level features to T-TransGCN increases its F1 score and Top-3 accuracy by 11.75% and 17.02%, while the addition of trajectory features improves them by 11.83% and 10.01%. Both new data preprocessing methods are effective in enhancing the generalization ability of T-TransGCN. The chronological material-level features help T-TransGCN understand the recent state of orepass, while the trajectory features reflect the importance of different orepasses dynamically. The trajectory features help the model understand structural information, such as the similarity of adjacent nodes or the similarity of forked nodes. (3) The addition of edge features further distinguishes orepass nodes from road nodes. The optimization of the outputs of the pooling layer helps avoid the distraction of unimportant information. When chronological features are split, the F1 score and Top-3 accuracy of T-TransGCN improve by 15.94% and 12.34%. This increment enhances the focus of the model on the chronological material-level information. The integration of the abovementioned model improvements further increases the fitting capability, generalization ability, and stability of T-TransGCN.

     

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