基于微型塌落筒實驗的充填料漿屈服應力表征

王勇; 王林奇; 曹晨; 劉偉

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.11.04.003

基于微型塌落筒實驗的充填料漿屈服應力表征

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.11.04.003

王勇^{1, 2},
王林奇^{1, 2, ,},
曹晨^{1, 2},
劉偉³

1.
北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院，北京 100083
2.
北京科技大學金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點實驗室，北京 100083
3.
巴彥淖爾西部銅業有限公司，巴彥淖爾 015500

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（52130404）；中央高校基本科研業務費資助項目（FRF-IDRY-GD22-004，FRF-TP-19-002C2Z）；青年教師國際交流成長計劃資助項目（QNXM20210002）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: m202120041@xs.ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TD853
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-04
- 網絡出版日期: 2023-02-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-25

Characterization of filling slurry yield stress based on a mini-slump cone test

WANG Yong^{1, 2},
WANG Lin-qi^{1, 2
, ,},
CAO Chen^{1, 2},
LIU Wei³

1.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Key Laboratory of High Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines (Ministry of Education), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Bayan Nur West Copper Co., Ltd., Bayan Nur 015500, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: m202120041@xs.ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 充填料漿的管道輸送是充填采礦法的一個重要環節，而充填料漿的流變參數是評價充填料漿管輸特性的重要指標，目前主要采用流變儀進行測定，但礦山現場通常不具備流變實驗條件，主要通過塌落度實驗來評價充填料漿的流動性能。本文采用微型塌落筒進行不同質量分數、灰砂比的充填料漿塌落度實驗，建立微型塌落筒擴展度與屈服應力之間的解析模型，根據料漿停止流動后的形態得到簡化計算模型，基于簡化模型理論計算料漿的屈服應力，并將理論值與流變儀測試同等配比條件下得到的屈服應力實驗值進行對比分析，同時通過雙因素方差分析研究了不同質量分數、灰砂比對充填料漿擴展度的影響規律。結果表明，擴展度主要受質量分數的影響，灰砂比對其影響不顯著，充填料漿的屈服應力隨質量分數的增大而增大。在質量分數較低時，理論值與實驗值的相對誤差范圍較大，二者的相對誤差在25%以內，平均誤差為16.79%；隨著質量分數增大，誤差逐漸減小至15%以內，平均誤差為8.81%。綜合考慮質量分數的影響，提出基于質量分數的修正系數，修正后的屈服應力理論值與實驗值的相對誤差降至10%以內，平均誤差為3.54%。本研究微型塌落筒實驗較傳統塌落度實驗不僅節省實驗用料和勞動強度，還可有效表征料漿屈服應力，對于礦山充填料的流動性能評價具有實際指導意義。
- 充填料漿 /
- 擴展度 /
- 屈服應力 /
- 解析模型 /
- 修正系數
Abstract: The backfill mining method is widely used in mines because of its advantages of environmental protection, safety, and efficiency and includes filling slurry pipeline transportation as an important part. The rheological parameters of filling slurry are important indicators for evaluating the characteristics of filling slurry pipeline transport; these parameters are mainly determined by rheometers at present, while the rheological experimental conditions are usually unavailable at the mine site. Because of its simplicity and speed, mines mainly use a slump test to evaluate the flow properties of a filling slurry. In this paper, we used a mini-slump cone to conduct a slump experiment of filling slurry with different mass fractions and cement–tailings ratios (the two most common variable parameters in filling slurry ratios), established an analytical model between the spread of a mini-slump cone and yield stress, obtained a simplified calculation model according to the shape of the filling slurry after flowing, calculated the yield stress of the slurry based on the simplified model, and compared the theoretical value with the experimental value of the yield stress of the filling slurry under the condition of the same ratio tested by a rheometer. At the same time, the influence law of different mass fractions and cement–sand ratios on the expansion degree of the filling slurry was studied using a two-factor analysis of variance. The results show that the spread is mainly influenced by the mass fraction and unsubstantially affected by the cement–sand ratio. The yield stress of the filling slurry increases with the mass fraction. When the mass fraction is low, the error in the theoretical value relative to the experimental value has a large range, and the error in the theoretical value is within 25%, averaging 16.79%; as the mass fraction increases, this error gradually decreases below 15%, averaging 8.81%. Considering its effect, a correction factor based on the mass fraction was proposed, and the error in the theoretical yield stress value after the correction was reduced below 10%, averaging 3.54%. In this study, the mini-slump cone test not only reduces the experimental material and labor intensity compared with the traditional slump test but also effectively characterizes the yield stress of the slurry, which provides practical guidance for evaluating the flowability of mine filling slurry.
- filling slurry /
- spread /
- yield stress /
- analytical model /
- correction factor

HTML全文

圖 1 分級尾砂粒級組成分布曲線

Figure 1. Particle-size distribution of graded tailings

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 微型塌落筒尺寸示意圖

Figure 2. Schematic of the mini-slump mold size

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 不同配比尾砂料漿擴展度演化規律. （a）擴展度隨不同質量分數的變化；（b）擴展度隨不同灰砂比的變化

Figure 3. Evolution law of the spread of tailings slurry with different filling ratios: (a) spread change with different mass fractions; (b) spread change with different cement–tailings ratios

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 微型塌落度實驗充填料受力分析圖(圖中R₀為上口半徑，R_H為下口半徑，H為高度，R₁為未變形部分下口半徑，h₀為未變形部分高度，h₁為已屈服部分高度，s為塌落度，τ_y為料漿的屈服應力). （a）初始應力分析；（b）最終應力分析；（c）料漿最終擴展度形態

Figure 4. Mechanical analysis diagram of the filling slurry in a mini-slump cone test (in the figure, R₀ is the upper radius, R_H is the lower radius, H is the height, R₁ is the radius of the lower plane of the undeformed part, h₀ is the height of the undeformed part, h₁ is the height of the yielded part, s is the slump, and τ_y is the yield stress of filling slurry): (a) initial stress analysis; (b) final stress analysis; (c) final spread shape of the slurry

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 擴展度與流變參數測試結果

Table 1. Results of the spread and rheological parameters test

Mass fraction/%	Cement–tailings ratio	Spread/cm	Yield stress/Pa	Viscosity/ (Pa·s)
68	1∶4	35.8	8.82	0.2782
68	1∶8	36.15	8.32	0.2769
68	1∶12	35.8	9.01	0.2583
68	1∶15	35.6	9.50	0.2535
68	1∶18	35.6	8.46	0.2804
70	1∶4	33.3	15.19	0.2435
70	1∶8	33.4	14.29	0.2687
70	1∶12	33.6	14.83	0.2940
70	1∶15	33.5	13.56	0.3008
70	1∶18	33.4	12.89	0.2882
72	1∶4	28.5	26.59	0.3337
72	1∶8	29.3	24.54	0.4039
72	1∶12	29.8	23.66	0.5445
72	1∶15	30	21.34	0.4652
72	1∶18	30.1	22.46	0.4523

下載: 導出CSV

表 2 方差分析結果

Table 2. Results of variance analysis

Source	Type III sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Mass fraction	98.983	2	49.492	278.433	0.000
Cement–tailings ratio	0.624	4	0.156	0.878	0.518
Error	1.422	8	0.178
Total	101.029	14

下載: 導出CSV

表 3 解析模型計算屈服應力與測試屈服應力對比

Table 3. Comparison of yield stress calculated by an analytical model and measured yield stress

Mass fraction/%	Cement–tailings ratio	Spread/cm	Test yield stress/Pa	Calculation yield stress/Pa	Absolute error	Relative error/%
68	1∶4	35.8	8.82	10.216	1.3958	15.83
68	1∶8	36.15	8.32	9.892	1.5756	18.95
68	1∶12	35.8	9.01	10.216	1.20735	13.4
68	1∶15	35.6	9.50	10.546	1.04685	11.02
68	1∶18	35.6	8.46	10.546	2.0906	24.73
70	1∶4	33.3	15.19	14.152	?1.0415	6.85
70	1∶8	33.4	14.29	14.029	?0.2625	1.84
70	1∶12	33.6	14.83	13.897	?0.9335	6.3
70	1∶15	33.5	13.56	13.717	0.16	1.18
70	1∶18	33.4	12.89	14.029	1.138	8.83
72	1∶4	28.5	26.59	22.532	?4.056	15.26
72	1∶8	29.3	24.54	20.919	?3.62	14.75
72	1∶12	29.8	23.66	20.506	?3.1555	13.34
72	1∶15	30	21.34	19.892	?1.4435	6.76
72	1∶18	30.1	22.46	19.529	?2.93	13.04

下載: 導出CSV

表 4 修正后屈服應力對比

Table 4. Comparison of yield stress after correction

Mass fraction/%	Cement–tailings ratio	Test yield stress/Pa	Corrected yield stress/Pa	Correcting errors	Corrected error rate/%
68	1∶4	8.82	8.814	0.0062	0.07
68	1∶8	8.32	8.535	?0.2186	2.63
68	1∶12	9.01	8.814	0.1946	2.16
68	1∶15	9.50	9.099	0.4002	4.21
68	1∶18	8.46	9.099	?0.6436	7.61
70	1∶4	15.19	14.251	0.9425	6.2
70	1∶8	14.29	14.127	0.1645	1.15
70	1∶12	14.83	13.994	0.8365	5.64
70	1∶15	13.56	13.813	?0.2560	1.89
70	1∶18	12.89	14.127	?1.2360	9.59
72	1∶4	26.59	25.939	0.6490	2.44
72	1∶8	24.54	24.082	0.4570	1.86
72	1∶12	23.66	23.607	0.0545	0.23
72	1∶15	21.34	22.9	?1.5645	7.33
72	1∶18	22.46	22.482	?0.0230	0.1

下載: 導出CSV

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