Research on the low-carbon development technology route of iron and steel enterprises under the “double carbon” target
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摘要: 為落實國家“碳達峰、碳中和”發展目標，解決鋼鐵行業低碳發展過程中面臨的瓶頸和難題，展開了一系列政策、技術和行動方案的研究。對比國內外鋼鐵企業碳排放強度的現狀及變化趨勢，分析了引起碳排放強度差異性的原因，并給出我國鋼鐵工業“碳達峰、碳中和”發展的總體方向。解析了中國鋼鐵工業及國內大型鋼鐵企業的“碳達峰、碳中和”目標及實施方案，并重點基于某大型鋼鐵企業當前生產、裝備、工藝流程、碳排放實際情況，在充分考慮了未來產能裝備、工藝變革、技術創新、能源轉型等方面規劃的基礎之上，制定了具體的低碳發展技術路線圖，為我國鋼鐵企業落實國家“碳達峰、碳中和”目標提供了示范和引領。路線圖指出，該企業低碳發展將經歷“碳達峰平臺期、穩步下降期及深度脫碳期”三個階段，通過實施鐵素資源優化、流程優化重構、系統能效提升、用能結構優化、低碳技術變革、產業耦合降碳六大技術路徑，建設碳排放數據管理體系及鋼鐵產品全生命周期（LCA）碳足跡兩大平臺，實現2025年碳排放總量較峰值降低10%，2030年碳排放總量較峰值降低30%，最終在2050年實現碳中和，并詳細闡明了該企業對各技術路徑的規劃目標，測算了各減碳技術路徑實施后帶來的碳減排量期望值，比較了不同技術路徑在不同發展階段所帶來的減碳效果。最后，結合該企業低碳發展技術路線圖的制定和實施過程，提出我國鋼鐵企業低碳發展的建議。Abstract: To implement the national development goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutral” and address the bottlenecks and challenges encountered by the steel industry in the process of moving toward low-carbon development, a series of studies on policies, technologies, and action plans has been conducted. Given the current situation and changing trend of carbon dioxide emission intensity of domestic and foreign iron and steel enterprises, the reasons for the different intensities of carbon dioxide emissions were analyzed. Further, general directions for carbon dioxide emission peak and carbon dioxide neutralization development in the Chinese iron and steel industry were provided. This study also analyzed the “carbon peak, carbon neutral” targets and implementation plans of the Chinese iron and steel industry and large domestic steel enterprises. The study mainly assessed the current production, current equipment used, technological process, and actual case of carbon dioxide emissions of a large iron and steel enterprise. Future changes in production equipment, production process evolution, technological innovation, and energy transformation based on planning aspects were fully considered in this analysis. A concrete technology roadmap of low-carbon development was made for Chinese iron and steel enterprises as a guide in implementing the national goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutralization.” This roadmap emphasizes that the enterprise will encounter three stages: carbon peak stage platform, steadily declining period, and depth of decarburization. It suggests the consideration of the following: implementing six technical development path that iron element resource optimization, process optimization reconstruction, system efficiency promotion, energy structure optimization, great progress in low-carbon technology, coupling between industries, and constructing a data management system for carbon dioxide emissions, and constructing carbon footprint platforms for the full life-cycle assessment (LCA) of steel products. The analysis found that the total carbon dioxide emissions in 2025 and 2030 will be reduced by 10% and 30%, respectively, and carbon dioxide neutrality will be achieved in 2050. Additionally, the plans of enterprises for their technological paths are clarified. The expected reduction in carbon emissions owing to the implementation of each technological path toward carbon dioxide reduction is calculated. The carbon reduction effects of different technological paths are compared in various development stages. Finally, combined with the establishment and execution process of the low-carbon development technology roadmap of enterprises, some suggestions on the low-carbon development of Chinese iron and steel enterprises are provided.
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Key words:
- steel industry /
- carbon up to peak /
- carbon neutral /
- technology roadmap /
- implementation plan
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圖 1 全球鋼鐵企業粗鋼產量、噸鋼碳排放及噸鋼能耗情況[5]
Figure 1. Crude steel output, carbon emission, and energy consumption per ton of steel in global steel enterprises
圖 2 1991—2019年中國鋼鐵行業粗鋼產量和CO2排放總量、噸鋼CO2排放量的變化
Figure 2. Changes in crude steel output, total CO2 emissions, and CO2 emissions per ton of steel in the Chinese iron and steel industry from 1991 to 2019
圖 3 河鋼集團2017—2021年噸鋼CO2排放強度
Figure 3. CO2 emission intensity per ton of steel of the HBIS Group from 2017 to 2021
圖 4 2017—2050年河鋼集團低碳發展目標
Figure 4. Low-carbon development goals of the HBIS Group from 2017 to 2050
圖 5 2022—2050年河鋼集團鐵素資源優化帶來的減排量
Figure 5. Emission reduction owing to iron resource optimization of the HBIS Group from 2022 to 2050
圖 6 2022—2050年河鋼集團流程優化重構帶來的減排量
Figure 6. Emission reduction owing to process optimization and reconstruction of the HBIS Group from 2022 to 2050
圖 7 2022—2050年河鋼集團系統能效提升帶來的減排量的變化
Figure 7. Change of emission reduction owing to system energy efficiency improvement of the HBIS Group from 2022 to 2050
圖 8 2022—2050年河鋼集團用能結構優化帶來的減排量
Figure 8. Emission reduction owing to optimization of the energy consumption structure of the HBIS Group from 2022 to 2050
圖 9 2022—2050年河鋼集團低碳技術變革帶來的減排量
Figure 9. Emission reduction owing to low-carbon technology reform of the HBIS Group from 2022 to 2050
圖 10 2022—2050年河鋼集團產業耦合降碳帶來的減排量
Figure 10. Emission reduction owing to industrial coupling and carbon reduction of the HBIS Group from 2022 to 2050
圖 11 河鋼集團低碳發展技術路線圖
Figure 11. Low-carbon development technology roadmap of the HBIS Group
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