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摘要: 沉管隧道置于不易檢查和維護的海泥區域，其鋼殼結構受到海水的侵蝕，會縮短其服役周期，腐蝕嚴重則會影響沉管隧道的安全運行。深中通道（又稱“深中大橋”）是國內首個鋼殼式沉管隧道，耐久性要求100年，針對深中通道鋼殼混凝土沉管的服役環境及超高的耐久性要求等諸多特征，且目前國內外可以借鑒的工程和研究很少，因此需要研究揭示鋼殼外壁在海洋環境下的腐蝕機理和腐蝕發展規律。本文采用室內腐蝕模擬加速試驗及電化學分析測試等，對深中通道沉管隧道鋼殼所用Q390C低合金高強度結構鋼在模擬海水條件下的腐蝕發生發展規律進行研究。研究發現Q390C在海水中腐蝕產物主要為Fe3O4、α-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH及少量CaCO3，其均勻腐蝕和局部腐蝕速率都呈指數關系下降，最終趨于穩定。Abstract: China is rich in marine resources, and with the development of its economy and the improvement of its transportation level, the use of immersed tunnel technology is increasingly more extensive. The Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge is the first steel shell immersed tunnel in China. The immersed tunnel is located in a sea mud area that is not easy to inspect and maintain, and its steel shell structure is eroded by seawater, which shortens its service cycle, and severe corrosion affects its safe operation. Its durability requirement is 100 years. For the service environment and ultrahigh durability requirements of the Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge steel shell concrete immersed pipe and many other characteristics, at present, few engineering and research references at home and abroad can be used. Thus, the corrosion development law of the outer wall of an immersed steel shell in a marine environment must be studied and revealed. In this work, dissolved oxygen (15.2 mg·L–1) was artificially added to a simulated seawater solution as a depolarizing agent to realize the acceleration process of a corrosion simulation acceleration test in the laboratory. The test set cycle was 1, 7, 15, 30, 90, 180, and 365 d, and the test temperature was 25 ℃. Through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the Tafel polarization curve, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and other analytical and testing methods of samples with different test cycles, the corrosion occurrence and development law of Q390C low-alloy high-strength structural steel used in deep–medium channel immersed tunnel steel shells under simulated seawater conditions was studied. The corrosion products of Q390C steel in seawater are mainly found to be Fe3O4, α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, and a small amount of CaCO3, and their uniform corrosion and local corrosion rates decrease exponentially and eventually tend to stabilize. CLSM test shows that the surface of the specimen begins to corrode uniformly after a test cycle of 15 d, and the pitting corrosion pit depth of the specimen with a test cycle of 365 d can reach 99 μm. The long-term accelerated corrosion test of the steel shell of an immersed tunnel in seawater in this paper is of great importance to ensure the long-life durability of immersed tunnels in marine engineering and similar construction projects.
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圖 1 不同試驗周期腐蝕模擬加速試驗后試樣宏觀形貌. (a) 1 d; (b) 7 d; (c) 15 d; (d) 30 d; (e) 90 d; (f) 180 d; (g) 365 d
Figure 1. Photograph of the samples after corrosion simulation accelerated experiment at different test cycles: (a) 1 d; (b) 7 d; (c) 15 d; (d) 30 d; (e) 90 d; (f) 180 d; (g) 365 d
圖 2 不同試驗周期腐蝕模擬加速試驗后試樣微觀形貌. (a) 1 d；(b) 7 d; (c) 15 d; (d) 30 d; (e) 90 d; (f) 180 d; (g～h) 365 d
Figure 2. SEM images of samples after corrosion simulation accelerated experiment at different test cycle: (a) 1 d; (b) 7 d; (c) 15 d; (d) 30 d; (e) 90 d; (f) 180 d; (g–h) 365 d
圖 3 試樣不同腐蝕周期的點蝕. (a) 15 d; (b) 30 d; (c) 90 d; (d) 180 d; (e～f) 365 d
Figure 3. Pitting corrosion of the sample at different test cycle: (a) 15 d; (b) 30 d; (c) 90 d; (d) 180 d; (e–f) 365 d
圖 4 不同周期試驗后腐蝕產物XRD圖譜
Figure 4. XRD patterns of corrosion products after different cycles of experiments
表 1 Q390C的化學成分( 質量分數)
Table 1. Chemical composition of Q390C
% C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Ti V Al Fe 0.20 0.50 1.70 0.03 0.03 0.30 0.50 0.05 0.13 0.015 Bal. 
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表 2 裸鋼試樣在不同試驗周期的腐蝕速率
Table 2. Corrosion rate of bare steel specimens at different test cycles
Test cycle/d Uniform corrosion rate/（mm·a–1) Local corrosion rate/（mm·a–1) 1 0.3039 — 7 0.1609 — 15 0.1452 0.3731 30 0.1291 0.3569 90 0.1088 0.1663 180 0.1022 0.1136 365 0.0819 0.0990
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表 3 EIS擬合得到的電化學參數
Table 3. Electrochemical parameters obtained by EIS fitting
Test cycle/d Rp/(Ω·cm2） 1 1517 7 1235 15 831 30 723 90 1114 180 1223 365 2294
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