Evolution, key technology, prospects, and applications of industrial network architecture
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摘要: 基于工業互聯網應具備的特征，結合現有工業互聯網總體現狀，分析總結傳統工業自動化封閉式五層架構存在的問題。首先，提出支持數據高效流轉的云、邊端新型工業網絡協同架構，架構的變革對現有技術提出挑戰，同時也為傳統自動化系統提供了新的機遇。其次，在總體架構的基礎上，提出適配新型工業網絡基礎架構的兩項關鍵技術。5G–時間敏感網絡（Time-sensitive networking, TSN）協同傳輸技術，包括5G–TSN異構網絡融合架構、網絡時鐘適配機制以及基于軟件定義網絡（Software defined network，SDN）的融合管控和資源調度三部分技術內容；基于確定性網絡的云化可編程邏輯控制器（Programmable logic controller，PLC）技術包括工業控制虛擬化和5G云化工業控制技術兩部分技術內容。基于此，提出自主設計面向實時運動控制的5G云化PLC與EtherCAT融合系統，以及面向實時運動控制的EtherCAT與TSN融合系統試驗平臺，并驗證了新型工業網絡架構的科學性和合理性。最后，對未來網絡、控制、計算一體化工業自動化系統中的高效性、可靠性和安全性之間的融合問題及潛在解決方案進行了探討。Abstract: Based on a summary of the characteristics of the industrial Internet, combined with the overall status of the existing industrial Internet, this paper analyzes the problems of the traditional industrial automation closed five-tier architecture and concludes that the current industrial Internet remains in a stage of technological development and maturation, which restricts the promotion and standardization of China’s intelligent manufacturing level to some extent. In the future, the industrial Internet will break the original data hierarchy structure, break the data barrier, and realize the development of intelligent manufacturing toward intelligent, flattening, lightweight, and green. First, this paper proposes a new industrial network collaboration architecture on the cloud side that supports efficient data flow. The proposed architecture is a flat, platform-based structure that realizes cloud-side collaboration and the integration of control, computing power, and network. Second, on the basis of the overall architecture of the industrial network, two key technologies are proposed to adapt the new industrial network infrastructure. One is 5G–time-sensitive networking (TSN) collaborative transmission technology. TSN realizes the interconnection and integration of heterogeneous networks in the industrial field based on the data link layer, and 5G–TSN collaborative transmission has become an important evolution trend of the intelligent factory network. Three key technical contents are introduced: 5G–TSN heterogeneous network convergence architecture, network clock adaptation mechanism, and software defined network (SDN)-based integration management and resource scheduling. The other key technology is cloud PLC technology based on a deterministic network, and the virtualization and cloud control system is the basis for breaking the original closed industrial control system. On the one hand, cloud-based hardware resources can be used to achieve one-to-many control, saving a large amount of industrial control equipment deployment investment costs. More importantly, the centralized control system can achieve unified control and optimization of global resources. This paper introduces the virtualization 5G cloud chemical industry control technology with two parts: technical content and technical route. Third, this paper proposes a cloud-based allocation of control resources and a cloud–network integration collaboration scenario and designs the 5G cloud-based programmable logic controller (PLC) and EtherCAT fusion system and the EtherCAT and TSN fusion system for real-time motion control. Through the testing of the end-to-end delay and cross-network time synchronization accuracy of the actual system, the current end-to-end delay of network transmission is less than 5 ms, the cross-network time synchronization error is between 100–400 us, and the accuracy is less than 100 ns These performance indicators reach the current industry-leading level. The test platform verifies the scientificalness and rationality of the new industrial network architecture. Finally, the integration problems and potential solutions of efficiency, reliability, and security are discussed in the future industrial automation system integrating network, control, and computing.
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圖 1 工業互聯網體系架構演進. (a) architecture 1.0; (b) architecture 2.0
Figure 1. Evolution of industrial internet architecture: (a) architecture 1.0; (b) architecture 2.0
圖 4 5G–TSN端到端網絡架構[27]
Figure 4. 5G–TSN end-to-end network architecture[27]
Notes: AF represents application function; AMF represents access management function; CNC represents centralized network configuration; CUC represents centralized user configuration; DS–TT represents TSN converter at terminal side; GM represents master clock; NEF represents network open function; NW–TT represents network side TSN converter; PCF represents policy control function; RAN represents wireless access network; SMF represents session management function; TSN represents time sensitive network; UDM represents unified data management; UE represents user equipment; UPF represents user plane function
圖 6 基于SDN融合管控和資源調度的5G–TSN技術路線
Figure 6. 5G–TSN technical route based on SDN integration management and resource scheduling
圖 10 基于云化PLC的多天車協同控制系統
Figure 10. Cloud-based PLC multi-crane collaborative control system
圖 11 多天車協同控制系統原型試驗床構建及驗證. (a) 多天車協同控制系統原型試驗床; (b) 5G云化PLC與EtherCAT融合系統指令端到端傳輸測試結果
Figure 11. Construction and verification of the prototype testbed for multi-crown block collaborative system: (a) prototype testbed for the multi-crown block collaborative control system; (b) end-to-end test results of 5G cloud PLC and EtherCAT integration system commands
圖 13 端到端高精度時間同步機制測試. (a) TSN網絡時間同步; (b) EtherCAT和TSN跨網時間同步
Figure 13. End-to-end high-precision time synchronization mechanism test: (a) TSN network time synchronization; (b) cross network time synchronization between EtherCAT and TSN
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