黃銅礦浮選體系晶態/無定形二氧化硅的流變特性與夾帶行為

王磊; 李孟樂; 鄒玉超; 廖寅飛; 馬子龍; 桂夏輝

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.06.28.001

黃銅礦浮選體系晶態/無定形二氧化硅的流變特性與夾帶行為

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.06.28.001

王磊^1, ,,
李孟樂^{1, 2},
鄒玉超^{1, 2},
廖寅飛¹,
馬子龍¹,
桂夏輝^1, ,

1.
中國礦業大學國家煤加工與潔凈化工程技術研究中心，徐州 221116
2.
中國礦業大學化工學院，徐州 221116

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（51804307）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
王磊，E-mail: lei.wang@cumt.edu.cn

桂夏輝，E-mail: guixiahui1985@163.com

中圖分類號: TD952
計量
- 文章訪問數: 283
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 123
- PDF下載量: 72
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-28
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-09-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-25

Rheological properties and entrainment behavior of quartz/amorphous silica in chalcopyrite flotation

WANG Lei^{1
, ,},
LI Meng-le^{1, 2},
ZOU Yu-chao^{1, 2},
LIAO Yin-fei¹,
MA Zi-long¹,
GUI Xia-hui^{1
, ,}

1.
National Engineering Research Centre of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2.
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Lei, E-mail: lei.wang@cumt.edu.cn; GUI Xia-hui, E-mail: guixiahui1985@163.com

摘要

摘要: 硅酸鹽類脈石夾帶是制約貧雜難選礦高效浮選分離的難題之一。借助分批浮選試驗、流變學測試、冷凍掃描電鏡測試、顆粒沉降試驗，探究了黃銅礦浮選體系晶態/無定形二氧化硅的流變特性與夾帶行為。結果顯示，隨著脈石中無定形二氧化硅含量的增加，礦漿表觀黏度呈指數型增大，黃銅礦回收率持續降低，脈石回收率先升高后降低。脈石回收率發生變化是脈石夾帶率、水回收率共同作用的結果：在黏度低增長區，脈石夾帶率上移對脈石回收率升高起主導作用，而在黏度中、高增長區，水回收率減少是脈石回收率由升轉降的主要原因。總脈石夾帶率和各粒級脈石夾帶率均隨無定形二氧化硅含量增加而升高，且各粒級脈石夾帶率呈現出明顯差異性，細粒脈石夾帶率增幅最大。冷凍掃描電鏡與沉降試驗表明，無定形二氧化硅與石英顆粒形成了聚集體結構，導致礦漿體系黏度增大，因而脈石顆粒沉降減緩、泡沫排液“洗滌”脈石作用弱化，單位泡沫水中的脈石質量增大，脈石夾帶率升高。
- 浮選 /
- 夾帶 /
- 無定形二氧化硅 /
- 流變性 /
- 夾帶率
Abstract: Owing to the global consumption of high-grade ores, large amounts of low-grade and complex ores are being processed nowadays. The entrainment of gangue minerals in the ores, especially silicate gangue minerals, has become a nonignorable issue that can significantly influence mineral flotation performance. Amorphous silica has been reported to exist widely in various ore deposits, but how it affects mineral flotation remains poorly understood. This study investigated the rheological properties and entrainment behaviors of quartz/amorphous silica gangue in copper flotation through batch flotation tests, rheology measurements, cryo-SEM analysis, and particle settlement tests. Results indicate an exponential increase in the pulp viscosity as the amorphous silica content in the gangue increased. These also led to distinct recoveries of chalcopyrite and gangue minerals in flotation: the chalcopyrite recovery kept decreasing, whereas the entrainment recovery of gangue minerals increased initially and then decreased. The change in the entrained gangue recovery was found to be a consequence of the reduced water recovery and the increased degree of entrainment for the gangue. In a range wherein the viscosity growth was low, the increased degree of entrainment for the gangue prevailed over the decreased water recovery, ultimately leading to an increase in the gangue recovery. However, when the pulp viscosity drastically increased, the decreased water recovery was found to be dominant in changing the gangue recovery, and thus the gangue recovery decreased. Further, the effect of amorphous silica on the degree of entrainment for the gangue was investigated on a size-by-size basis. A great difference was found in the degree of entrainment for the gangue mineral particles of the same size fraction. However, fine gangue mineral particles experienced the greatest increase in their entrainment degree. Therefore, the degree of entrainment for the gangue was size-dependent and subject to the presence of amorphous silica. The results of cryo-SEM and settling tests indicate that quartz/amorphous silica particle aggregates were formed when amorphous silica particles were present in the flotation system, and these aggregates had a relatively low sedimentation rate. It was inferred that formed gangue aggregates increased the pulp viscosity, which reduced the water drainage in the froth and the sedimentation rate of gangue particles, subsequently increasing the mass of the gangue in a unit mass of water and, thus, the degree of entrainment.
- flotation /
- entrainment /
- amorphous silica /
- rheological property /
- degree of entrainment

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圖 1 礦物樣品的X射線衍射圖譜

Figure 1. X-ray diffraction patterns of the mineral samples

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圖 2 磨礦礦物粒度組成

Figure 2. Size distribution of the mineral samples after grinding

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圖 3 冷凍掃描電鏡構造示意圖

Figure 3. Schematic of the cryo-SEM structure

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圖 4 石英/無定形二氧化硅礦漿流變圖

Figure 4. Rheograms of the quartz/amorphous silica pulps

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圖 5 石英/無定形二氧化硅礦漿表觀黏度（剪切速率為100 s^?1）

Figure 5. Apparent viscosity of the quartz/amorphous silica pulps at a shear rate of 100 s^?1

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圖 6 不同無定形二氧化硅含量下浮選脈石回收率與水回收率

Figure 6. Entrained gangue recoveries and water recoveries obtained from the flotation with different amorphous silica contents

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圖 7 脈石中無定形二氧化硅含量對水回收率的影響

Figure 7. Effect of the amorphous silica content in the gangue on water recovery

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圖 8 脈石中無定形二氧化硅含量對全粒級(a)和分粒級(b)夾帶率的影響

Figure 8. Effect of the amorphous silica content in the gangue on the degree of entrainment on a unsized (a) and size-by-size (b) basis

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圖 9 石英/無定形二氧化硅懸浮液的沉降行為

Figure 9. Settling of quartz/amorphous silica suspensions

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圖 10 石英/無定形二氧化硅懸浮液中顆粒形貌圖. (a) 石英; (b) 石英/無定形二氧化硅質量比為4∶1; (c) 石英/無定形二氧化硅質量比為3∶2; (d) 石英/無定形二氧化硅質量比為2∶3; (e) 石英/無定形二氧化硅質量比為1∶4; (f) 無定形二氧化硅

Figure 10. Cryo-SEM images of the quartz/amorphous silica particles in the suspensions∶ (a) quartz; (b) mass ratio of quartz to amorphous silica at 4∶1; (c) mass ratio of quartz to amorphous silica at 3∶2; (d) mass ratio of quartz to amorphous silica at 2∶3; (e) mass ratio of quartz to amorphous silica at 1∶4; (f) amorphous silica

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圖 11 無定形二氧化硅改變脈石夾帶率機理示意圖

Figure 11. Schematic of the mechanism for the amorphous silica particles changing the degree of entrainment

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圖 12 脈石中無定形二氧化硅含量對精礦銅品位、產率和黃銅礦回收率的影響

Figure 12. Effects of the amorphous silica content in the gangue on concentrate copper grade, yield, and chalcopyrite recovery

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表 1 浮選入料組成礦物

Table 1. Minerals used for the flotation feed

Sample name	Purity/%	Manufacturer
Chalcopyrite	96	Hubei Daye Copper Mine
Quartz	99	Yijing Quartz Sand Factory
Amorphous silica	99	Aladdin Biochemical Technology

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表 2 浮選試驗藥劑

Table 2. Reagents used in the flotation tests

Sample name	Purity	Manufacturer
Sodium ethyl xanthate	90%	Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Methyl isobutyl carbinol	Analytically pure	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Sodium carbonate	Analytically pure	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

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