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摘要: 針對超遠距離輸送過程中，特殊管路布置等充填技術中堵管、爆管風險大，管道磨損嚴重等問題，采用改性鎂渣（MMS）和粉煤灰（FA）在不同配比下制備超高流動性新型膏體充填材料（UH-MFPB），探究其早期強度、流動性以及流變特性，并建立流動性和流變參數的相關關系。研究結果表明：（1）UH-MFPB樣品的單軸抗壓強度隨FA含量增加呈先增大后減小的趨勢。當FA質量分數為20%時，樣品的抗壓強度最大，養護28 d可達到6.759 MPa，后期強度持續增加；（2）新鮮UH-MFPB料漿的坍落度為25.6～29.2 cm，擴展度為61～93.1 cm，具有很好的流動性；（3）新鮮UH-MFPB料漿的流變特性符合Herschel?Bulkley模型，流變參數（屈服應力、塑性黏度和觸變性）隨FA含量的增大而減小，且FA質量分數達到20%時，料漿出現剪切增稠的現象；（4）新鮮UH-MFPB料漿的流動性和流變參數滿足二次多項式關系，呈現出負相關性。Abstract: With its continuous application and promotion, filling technology, such as an ultra-long distance and special pipeline arrangement, faces an increasing demand, and the demand for the fluidity of filling material is also rising. Aiming at the large risk of blocking pipes and tubes in filling technology, the serious wear of pipelines, etc., and using modified magnesium slag (MMS) and fly ash (FA) to prepare high liquidity under different ratios of a new type of paste filling material (UH-MFPB), this paper probes this material’s early strength, liquidity, and rheological properties, and establishes the relationship between liquidity and rheological parameters. First, MMS and FA samples were prepared at different ratios of certain concentrations and cured for 3, 7, 28, and 56 days to measure their uniaxial compressive strength. The uniaxial compressive strength of a UH-MFPB sample increases first and then decreases with increasing FA content, and gradually increases with curing age. When FA content is 20%, the compressive strength of the sample reaches the maximum. At 3, 7, 28, and 56 days, the intensity was 1.335, 2.161, 6.759, and 12.104 MPa, respectively. Then, the slump and spread of fresh UH-MFPB slurry were measured. They increased with FA content, with a slump of 25.6–29.2 cm and a spread of 61–93.1 cm, showing good fluidity. Then, the rheological properties of fresh UH-MFPB slurry were measured in accordance with the Herschel–Bulkley model, and the relationship between shear stress and plastic viscosity and the shear rate was discussed, as well as the effect of FA content on rheological parameters and mechanisms. The shear stress is found to increase with the shear rate, and the viscosity decreases exponentially and then slowly with increasing shear rate. Rheological parameters (yield stress, plastic viscosity, and thixotropy) decrease with increasing FA content, and the slurry undergoes shear thickening when FA content reaches 20%. The Cross viscosity model was used to fit the viscosity curve of fresh slurry. Finally, the correlation between the fluidity and rheological parameters of fresh UH-MFPB slurry was discussed, and the yield stress was found to correlate negatively with the slump, plastic viscosity, and expansion, which were quadratic polynomials. Considering all factors, when FA content is between 10% and 30%, UH-MFPB slurry has ultra-high fluidity and high strength, which can play a good role in filling slurry transport.
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圖 1 原材料粒徑分布圖. （a）改性鎂渣粒徑分布圖; （b）粉煤灰粒徑分布圖
Figure 1. Particle size distribution of raw materials: (a) particle size distribution of modified magnesium slag; (b)particle size distribution of fly ash
圖 2 改性鎂渣和粉煤灰XRD和SEM圖. （a）改性鎂渣XRD； （b）粉煤灰XRD； （c）改性鎂渣SEM； （d）粉煤灰SEM
Figure 2. XRD and SEM images of modified magnesium slag and fly ash: (a) XRD of modified magnesium slag; (b) XRD of fly ash; (c) SEM of modified magnesium slag; (d) SEM of fly ash
圖 3 UH-MFPB樣品的單軸抗壓強度: (a)粉煤灰含量；(b)養護齡期
Figure 3. Uniaxial compressive strength of UH-MFPB samples: (a) fly ash content; (b) curing period
圖 8 動態黏度Cross模型擬合圖
Figure 8. Fitting diagram of the dynamic viscosity using the Cross viscosity model
表 1 改性鎂渣與粉煤灰的化學組成（質量分數）
Table 1. Chemical composition of modified magnesium slag and fly ash（mass fraction）
% Raw materials SiO2 CaO Al2O3 MgO Fe2O3 P2O5 SO3 MnO TiO2 MMS 19.21 41.18 0.82 3.78 2.59 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.06 FA 40.36 7.81 16.22 0.98 12.54 0.19 2.68 0.13 0.97 
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表 2 試驗方案
Table 2. Experimental procedure
Number Mass ratio of MMS:FA Mass fraction/% Curing time/d FA0 10∶0 74 3, 7, 28, 56 FA10 9∶1 FA20 8∶2 FA30 7∶3 FA40 6∶4 FA50 5∶5
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表 3 基于H?B模型下的新鮮UH-MFPB料漿流變參數
Table 3. Rheological parameters of fresh UH-MFPB slurry based on the H–B model
MMS:FA H–B rheological equation Yield stress/Pa Plastic viscosity/(Pa·s) n Correlation coefficient, R2 Critical shear rate/s?1 △P/ (Pa? s?1) 10∶0 $ \tau {\text{ = }}53.71{\text{ + }}0.93{\gamma ^{0.94}} $ 53.71 0.93 0.94 0.9966 8447 9∶1 $ \tau {\text{ = }}49.65{\text{ + }}0.66{\gamma ^{0.94}} $ 49.65 0.66 0.95 0.9802 7721 8∶2 $ \tau {\text{ = }}27.56{\text{ + }}0.68{\gamma ^{1.08}} $ 27.56 0.68 1.08 0.9992 84 7370 7∶3 $ \tau {\text{ = }}26.19{\text{ + }}0.39{\gamma ^{1.21}} $ 26.19 0.39 1.21 0.9982 77 6907 6∶4 $ \tau {\text{ = }}24.14{\text{ + }}0.27{\gamma ^{1.26}} $ 24.14 0.27 1.26 0.9970 65 6172 5∶5 $ \tau {\text{ = }}19.22{\text{ + }}0.22{\gamma ^{1.27}} $ 19.22 0.22 1.27 0.9981 61 5144
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表 4 新鮮UH-MFPB料漿的Cross黏度模型參數
Table 4. Cross viscosity model parameters of fresh UH-MFPB slurry
MMS:FA Cross viscosity model equation Initial shear viscosity/(Pa·s) Infinite shear viscosity/(Pa·s) Coefficient of
viscosity, KcFlow
index, ncCorrelation
coefficient, R2SE/% 10∶0 $\mu {\text{ = } }{\mu _\infty }{\text{ + } }\dfrac{ { {\mu _0}-}{\mu _\infty } } { {\left[ {1{\text{ + } }{ {\left( { {K_{\text{c} } }\gamma } \right)}^{ {n_c} } } } \right]} }$ 216.13 0.76 3.35 1.04 0.9976 4.77 9∶1 86.64 0.89 0.96 1.27 0.9955 7.79 8∶2 35.96 1.23 0.67 1.40 0.9901 11.66 7∶3 31.08 1.22 0.62 1.44 0.9919 10.99 6∶4 32.03 1.03 0.81 1.31 0.9962 7.41 5∶5 28.20 0.79 1.06 1.17 0.9951 8.12
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