碳化硅納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極用于高效裂解水制氫

周林林; 楊濤; 王恩會; 周國治; 侯新梅

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.29.003

碳化硅納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極用于高效裂解水制氫

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.29.003

北京科技大學鋼鐵共性技術協同創新中心，北京 100083

基金項目: 國家杰出青年基金資助項目（52025041）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（51902020）；中央高校基本科研業務費資助項目（FRF-IDRY-21-028）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：yangtaoustb@ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TK6
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- 文章訪問數: 357
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-29
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-08-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Integrated photoanode based on silicon carbide nanowire arrays for efficient water splitting

Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：yangtaoustb@ustb.edu.cn;

摘要

摘要: 近年來，光電催化裂解水制氫已經發展成為獲取氫能最重要的途徑之一。然而，半導體材料固有的較低的光吸收效率和較高的載流子復合率成為限制其發展的主要障礙。以N摻雜4H-SiC單晶片為原料，通過陽極氧化法制備了N摻雜4H-SiC納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極，聚焦于優化陽極析氧反應條件，在光照和外加電場的共同作用下成功實現了高效裂解水制氫。相比于塊體，碳化硅納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極的裂解水制氫性能表現出了顯著的提升。以Ag/AgCl電極為參比電極，開啟電壓從1.224 V降低至?0.021 V，1.4 V電壓下的電流密度從2.64 mA?cm^?2提升至3.61 mA?cm^?2。通過構建具有納米結構的半導體光電陽極，可以有效提高其光吸收能力并優化其電荷轉移路徑，從而顯著提升光電催化裂解水制氫的效率。
- 碳化硅 /
- 陽極氧化 /
- 納米線陣列 /
- 光電催化裂解水 /
- 制氫
Abstract: In the context of rapid social development, it is urgent to address the increasingly prominent issues of fossil energy depletion and environmental pollution. As a result, research has focused on the creation of new clean energy sources such as solar, wind, biological, geothermal, and hydrogen. Hydrogen energy is one of these new energy sources that has drawn a lot of attention because of its low weight, good thermal conductivity, high heating value, rich utilization forms, and diverse storage states. Nowadays, one of the most significant methods for producing clean energy is photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen. However, the intrinsic drawbacks of commonly used semiconductors, such as the low light absorption efficiency, high carrier recombination rate, and slow oxygen evolution kinetics, have become the main barriers preventing their advancement in PEC water splitting. This study used anodic oxidation to create N-doped 4H-SiC nanowire arrays (NWAs) from N-doped 4H-SiC single crystalline wafers. It can be verified that the highly oriented N-doped 4H-SiC NWAs are fully exposed by removing the cap layer. Additionally, the single bamboo-shaped nanowire that was produced has a diameter of ~30–50 nm. Focusing on the optimization of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions, the NWAs were used as an integrated photoanode in a typical three-electrode system to achieve effective PEC water splitting for hydrogen production under illumination and electric field. Notably, the N-doped 4H-SiC NWAs show better water splitting performance compared with the bulk; that is, the onset potential is decreased from 1.224 V to ?0.021 V versus the Ag/AgCl electrode, and the current density is increased from 2.64 mA?cm^?2 to 3.61 mA?cm^?2 at 1.4 V. Particularly, the N-doped 4H-SiC NWAs exhibit an extremely sensitive response to light. The improved optical absorption capacity and efficient charge transfer of N-doped 4H-SiC NWAs are responsible for the improvement in PEC water splitting performance. On the one hand, when the N-doped 4H-SiC NWAs are exposed to light, a significant amount of light shines into the gap between the nanowires. N-doped 4H-SiC obtains additional light absorption pathways with the constant reflection of the light, significantly enhancing the light absorption efficiency. On the other hand, the NWAs can considerably reduce the hole travel distance and avoid the recombination of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, making more charges participate in the redox reaction to enhance the PEC water splitting performance of N-doped 4H-SiC. By building semiconductor photoanode nanostructures, it is possible to efficiently absorb light and transfer charge, significantly enhancing the PEC water splitting efficiency.
- silicon carbide /
- anodic oxidation /
- nanowire arrays /
- photoelectrochemical water splitting /
- hydrogen production

HTML全文

圖 1 碳化硅納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極的制備流程. (a) 塊體; (b) 去除帽層后的塊體; (c) 納米線陣列

Figure 1. Preparation of 4H-SiC nanowire arrays (NWAs)-based integrated photoanode: (a) bulk; (b) bulk after removing the cap layer; (c) NWAs

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圖 2 N摻雜4H-SiC塊體和納米線陣列的微觀形貌. (a) 塊體; (b) 納米線陣列的俯視圖; (c) 納米線陣列的側視圖

Figure 2. Morphologies of the 4H-SiC bulk and NWAs: (a) bulk; (b) top view of NWAs; (c) the cross-sectional view of NWAs

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圖 3 樣品的物相分析. (a) XRD圖譜; (b) TEM照片; (c) 高分辨的TEM照片

Figure 3. Phase analysis of samples: (a) XRD spectrum; (b) typical TEM image; (c)high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image

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圖 4 碳化硅的光電催化裂解水性能測試. (a) 光電催化裂解水的電解池示意圖; (b) 碳化硅塊體和納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極在黑暗和模擬太陽光照下的電流密度曲線 (LSV); (c) 碳化硅納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極的瞬時光響應曲線; (d) 碳化硅塊體和納米線陣列基一體化光電陽極在黑暗和模擬太陽光照下的電化學阻抗譜 (EIS)

Figure 4. Performance tests of N doped 4H-SiC: (a) schematic of PEC water splitting using N doped 4H-SiC NWAs; (b) linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of N doped 4H-SiC bulk and NWAs photoanodes in dark and under illumination; (c) transient photo-response curves of N doped 4H-SiC NWAs; (d) electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (EIS) of N doped 4H-SiC bulk and NWAs photoanodes in dark and under illumination

R_s represents series resistance, R_ct represents charge-transfer resistance, CPE represents space-charge capacitance.

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圖 5 SiC光陽極的光電催化裂解水機理圖. (a) 碳化硅的能帶結構; (b) 碳化硅塊體和納米線陣列的紫外可見吸收光譜; (c) 碳化硅塊體光電陽極的光傳播路徑; (d) 碳化硅納米線陣列基光電陽極的光傳播路徑

Figure 5. Mechanism diagram of the PEC process of the SiC photoanode: (a) band structure of N doped 4H-SiC; (b) UV–Vis absorption spectrum of N doped 4H-SiC bulk and NWAs; (c) paths of light in N doped 4H-SiC bulk; (d) paths of light in N doped 4H-SiC NWAs

E_NHE represents normal hydrogen electrode potential, E_g represents the band gap.

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