Progress in cleaning and purification of liquid steel technology based on fine heterogeneous phases
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摘要: 高純凈度鋼的生產是鋼鐵企業面臨的重大課題，在鋼液中獲得尺寸可控、彌散分布的氣泡是去除細小夾雜物、生產高品質鋼的重要手段。微細異相凈化鋼液技術是一種基于碳酸鹽分解反應生產微小氣泡與渣滴去除細小夾雜物的技術，近年來該技術的研發越來越受到冶金工作者的重視，部分新技術已被開發并趨于成熟。本文從微細異相凈化鋼水技術原理出發，詳細介紹了微細異相凈化鋼水技術研究的最新進展，歸納總結了微細異相去除細小夾雜物、脫硫、脫磷、渣料遷移、RH快速脫碳及中間包長水口噴粉工藝特點及作用機理，并對其在工程領域應用亟待解決的問題及未來發展方向進行了展望。Abstract: The production of high purity steel is a major issue for iron and steel enterprises. Obtaining bubbles with controllable size and dispersed distribution in liquid steel is an important method for removing fine inclusions and producing high-quality steel. Microheterogeneous purification of molten steel technology is a carbonate decomposition reaction-based process that generates fine bubbles and slag droplets to eradicate small inclusions. On this basis, composite spheres (powders) with various metallurgical functions are designed, and industrial field tests are carried out at ANSTEEL. The results show that the microheterogeneous purification of molten steel is a low-cost, high-efficiency, simple, and easy molten steel purification technology. The carbonate composite sphere (powder) can cause dispersion, microbubbles, and slag droplets in the molten steel. Its size is 0.02–0.2 mm, and the size distribution and slag droplet composition can be controlled. Rapid dephosphorization and slag-forward movement can be achieved by feeding composite balls during converter tapping. For low phosphorus steel, the minimum phosphorus content can reach 0.002% (in mass, the same below) and the dephosphorization efficiency is >50%. The slag-forward movement process can reduce the temperature drop during molten steel transmission, promote rapid slag formation in ladle furnace (LF) refining, increase the LF heating rate by 2 °C·min–1, and shorten the refining LF treatment cycle by 3–5 min. The addition of composite spheres in the Rheinstahl–Heraeus (RH) refining process can remove fine inclusions and provide deep desulfurization. The inclusion of free molten steel in the interstitial can be effectively removed. Compared to conventional inclusion removal technology, the number of the oxide inclusions can be reduced, and the inclusion size becomes finer. The total oxygen (mass fraction) in the as-cast slab can approach 5×10?6 using this novel technology, and the steel production cost per ton can be reduced by 5–12 RMB. The sulfur content of ultralow carbon nonoriented silicon steel can be consistently controlled below 0.002%, and the desulfurization efficiency is >50%. Recently, the advancement of this process has piqued the attention of metallurgical workers, and some new technologies have emerged and matured. Based on the principle of microheterogeneous purification of molten steel process, this paper introduces the latest progress of microheterogeneous purification of molten steel technology in detail, summarizes the characteristics and mechanism of microheterogeneous removal of fine inclusions, desulfurization, dephosphorization, slag migration, and RH rapid decarbonization, and looks forward to the problems to be solved in the engineering field and the future developments.
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Key words:
- clean steel /
- inclusion removal /
- fine bubbles /
- slag droplet /
- dephosphorization /
- desulphurization
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圖 8 對比罐次與試驗罐次復合球體處理前后過程與鑄坯試樣全氧變化情況
Figure 8. Variation of total oxygen content in process samples and casting bland for compared furnaces and composite ball treated furnaces
1—T.O. for compared heats after RH out; 2— T.O. for compared heats in tundish; 3—T.O. for compared heats slab
圖 9 基于微細異相無取向硅鋼脫硫試驗結果.(a)脫硫試驗結果；(b)脫硫率
Figure 9. Desulfurization results for nonoriented silicon steel: (a) desulfurization results; (b) desulfurization rate
圖 11 基于微細異相轉爐爐后快速脫磷試驗結果. (a)脫磷結果；(b)脫磷率
Figure 11. Dephosphorization results after composite ball during tapping: (a) dephosphorization results; (b) dephosphorization rate
圖 12 復合球體處理后鑄坯中全氧的情況
Figure 12. T.O in the composite ball treated as-cast and compared heats
圖 13 RH微細異相脫碳技術示意圖
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of RH micro heterogeneous decarburization technology
圖 14 RH噴吹復合粉劑脫碳處理過程碳含量變化（a）及其對真空下脫碳反應界面（b)的影響
Figure 14. Change of carbon content during decarburization treatment of RH injection carbonate powder (a) and its effect on decarburization reaction interface under vacuum (b)
圖 15 RH提升氣體管路噴吹碳酸鈣粉劑在鋼液中生成的細小氣泡（a）與（b）渣滴
Figure 15. Fine bubbles (a) and slag drops (b) generated in molten steel by injecting calcium carbonate powder into RH lifting gas pipeline
圖 17 中間包噴粉后過程全氧的變化情況
Figure 17. Variation of T.O. at different stages after carbonate powder injection through the shroud
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