非飽和礦堆溶液滲流遲滯與毛細擴散行為表征

王雷鳴; 李希雯; 尹升華; 周根茂; 李輝; 劉培正; 鄧博納

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.11.02.006

非飽和礦堆溶液滲流遲滯與毛細擴散行為表征

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.11.02.006

王雷鳴^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
李希雯^2, ,,
尹升華^{1, 2},
周根茂⁵,
李輝²,
劉培正³,
鄧博納⁴

1.
金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點實驗室，北京 100083
2.
北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院，北京 100083
3.
金屬礦山安全與健康國家重點實驗室，馬鞍山 243000
4.
武漢工程大學綠色化工過程教育部重點實驗室，武漢 430205
5.
核工業北京化工冶金研究院，北京 101149

基金項目: 金屬礦山安全與健康國家重點實驗室開放基金資助項目（2021-JSKSSYS-01）；綠色化工過程教育部重點實驗室開放基金資助項目（GCP202108）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（52034001，51734001）；國家科技部重點領域創新團隊資助項目（2018RA400）；國家自然科學基金青年項目（52204124）；國家博士后創新人才支持計劃（BX20220036）；中國博士后科學基金面上資助項目（2022M710356）

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E-mail: heavenli1@163.com

中圖分類號: TD853
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-02
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-12-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-01

Characterization of liquid seepage hysteresis and capillary diffusion behavior in unsaturated ore heap

WANG Lei-ming^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
LI Xi-wen^{2
, ,},
YIN Sheng-hua^{1, 2},
ZHOU Gen-mao⁵,
LI Hui²,
LIU Pei-zheng³,
DENG Bo-na⁴

1.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines, Maanshan 243000, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
5.
Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering Metallurgy, Beijing 101149, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: heavenli1@163.com

摘要

摘要: 為深入理解非飽和礦堆內溶浸液毛細滲流擴散以及滲流遲滯行為，本文構建適于非飽和礦堆的毛細滲流模型，利用COMSOL multiphysics有限元數值平臺開展毛細滲流可視化模擬研究，并利用時域反射器（Time domain reflector，TDR）實時探測了非飽和堆內持液率變化，探索了基于Design Expert的毛細滲流過程多因素響應規律，討論了非飽和礦堆持液率、毛細吸力、孔隙率與噴淋強度間的潛在關聯機制。研究結果表明：孔隙率對礦堆持液率的影響高于噴淋強度，礦堆持液率隨噴淋時間的增長收斂性增加，且孔隙率小的礦堆需要更長的時間才能達到穩態持液；不考慮溶液噴淋強度影響時，礦堆持液率與孔隙比、水力傳導系數呈正相關；特別是在噴淋初期（0～20 s），噴淋強度、水力傳導系數和孔隙比對礦堆持液率的影響更為顯著；初步構建了考慮氣液兩相運移的非飽和礦堆溶液毛細滲流模型；毛細吸力的變化對孔隙率較小的礦堆更敏感；噴淋強度較大、孔隙比越小時，礦堆底部的毛細吸力越大，更易達到穩態持液狀態。
- 非飽和礦堆 /
- 流體流動行為 /
- 滲流遲滯 /
- 毛細吸力 /
- 持液率 /
- COMSOL multiphysics
Abstract: To deeply understand the capillary diffusion and seepage hysteresis behavior of the leaching solution in unsaturated ore heaps, this study builds a capillary seepage model suitable for an unsaturated ore heap by employing the COMSOL multiphysics finite element numerical platform to perform the capillary seepage visual simulation. A time-domain reflector is used to detect in-situ liquid holdup changes in the unsaturated heap in real-time, and multifactor response regulations of the capillary seepage process are explored based on a design expert. The potential connection mechanism among the liquid holdup, capillary suction, porosity, and irrigation rate of unsaturated ore heaps is also discussed. Research results show that the heap porosity has an obvious impact on the heap liquid holdup than the irrigation intensity. The increased convergence of the liquid holdup improves with the spraying time, and the ore heap with small porosity takes a longer time to reach a steady status of the liquid holdup. When the effect of the liquid irrigation is not considered, the heap liquid holdup is positively correlated with the porosity ratio and hydraulic conductivity. Especially in the initial stage of the irrigation period (0–20 s), the effects of the irrigation rate, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity ratio on the ore heap liquid holdup are more significant. An unsaturated ore pile solution capillary seepage model considering the gas?liquid two-phase migration is preliminarily constructed. The capillary suction is observed to be more sensitive in the ore heap with lesser porosity. The larger the irrigation rate and the smaller the porosity, the greater is the capillary suction at the bottom of the ore heap, and it is easier for the ore heap to reach a steady state of the liquid holdup.
- unsaturated ore heap /
- fluid flow behavior /
- seepage hysteresis /
- capillary suction /
- liquid holdup /
- COMSOL multiphysics

HTML全文

圖 1 柱浸顆粒堆物理模型構建及網格劃分

Figure 1. Physical model and mesh of the packed heap in column leaching

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 非飽和礦堆溶液毛細上升實驗裝置構成. (a)毛細擴散實驗實物圖; (b)時域反射儀; (c)實驗裝置結構構成

Figure 2. Composition of the experimental device for the capillary rise of the unsaturated ore pile solution: (a) macroscale image of the capillary diffusion experiment; (b) time-domain reflector; (c) detailed structure of the experimental device

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 不同噴淋強度和孔隙比條件下持液率隨時間變化

Figure 3. Changes of the liquid holdup with time under different irrigation and porosity ratio conditions

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 非飽和堆毛細吸力特征–孔隙率關聯關系. (a) 堆頂毛細吸力與孔隙率間的關系; (b) 毛細吸力差值與孔隙率間的關系

Figure 4. Relationship of capillarity suction features and porosity of ore heap: (a) relationship between capillarity force (top of the column) and porosity; (b) relationship between capillarity force differences and porosity

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 持液率與水頭壓力（藍線）和毛細吸力（紅線）關系.(a)A1組；(b)A2組；(c)A3組；(b)A4組；(c)A5組；(b)A6組

Figure 5. Relationship of the liquid holdup and the pressure heap (blue) and capillarity suction (red): (a) A1 group; (b) A2 group; (c) A3 group; (d) A4 group: (e) A5 group; (f) A6 group

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 6 毛細吸力對噴淋強度和孔隙率的等值面特征. (a) 堆頂; (b) 堆底; (c) 毛細吸力差值

Figure 6. Equivalent surface characterization of the capillarity suction to the irrigation intensity and porosity: (a) top of column; (b) bottom of column; (c) differences of capillarity force

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 7 基于COMSOL multiphysics的礦堆內毛細吸力穩態分布特征. (a) 毛細吸力; (b) 相對滲透率

Figure 7. Steady distribution characterization of the capillarity suction in the ore heap relied on COMSOL Multiphysics: (a) capillarity forces; (b) relative permeability

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 數學模型的關鍵參數

Table 1. Key parameters of the mathematical model

Parameter	Value
Liquid density, ρ_w/(kg·m^?3)	1 × 10³
Gas density, ρ_a/(kg·m^?3)	1.28
Liquid viscosity, η_w/(Pa·s)	10^?3
Gas viscosity, η_a/(Pa·s)	1.81 × 10^?5
Gravitational acceleration, g/(m·s^?2)	9.82
Residual liquid holdup, θ_r/%	0.01
1^st Size parameters of VGM model, α/m^?1	1.89
2^nd Size parameters of VGM model, N/m^?1	2.811
3^rd Size parameters of VGM model, M/m^?1	1?1/N

下載: 導出CSV

表 2 不同噴淋強度和孔隙率條件下溶液毛細滲流模擬方案

Table 2. Experimental scheme of the liquid capillarity seepage under different irrigation rate and porosity condition

Experimental group	Irrigation rate/(L·m^?2·h^?1)	Porosity ratio	Hydraulic conductivity/(cm·s^?1)
A1	0	1.040816	0.02
A2	0	1.173913	0.08
A3	10	1.040816	0.02
A4	10	1.173913	0.08
A5	50	1.040816	0.02
A6	50	1.173913	0.08

下載: 導出CSV

表 3 不同孔隙率條件下溶液毛細滲流模擬方案

Table 3. Experimental scheme of the liquid capillarity seepage under different porosity condition

Experimental group	Irrigation rate/(L·m^?2·h^?1)	Porosity/ %	Porosity ratio	Hydraulic conductivity/(cm·s^?1)
B1	0	51.0	1.040816	0.02
B2	0	51.5	1.061856	0.03
B3	0	52.0	1.083333	0.04
B4	0	52.5	1.105263	0.05
B5	0	53.0	1.12766	0.06
B6	0	53.5	1.150538	0.07
B7	0	54.0	1.173913	0.08

下載: 導出CSV

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