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摘要: 自1989年第一條產線投產以來，薄板坯連鑄連軋技術已經走過30多年的發展歷程。在這個過程中，通過對其技術不斷探索和創新，推動了薄板坯連鑄連軋技術不斷向前發展。在鋼鐵工業碳中和戰略目標背景下，以薄板坯連鑄連軋為代表的近終形制造技術得到了行業的極大關注。本文主要回顧了薄板坯連鑄連軋技術的發展，分析其關鍵工藝裝備的演變歷程，并根據其連續化程度將薄板坯連鑄連軋劃分為單坯、半無頭和無頭三代技術；分析了薄板坯連鑄連軋流程的工藝特點及物理冶金特征，在此基礎上提出了其產品定位，重點介紹了其代表性產品如中高碳鋼、熱軋高強鋼及電工鋼等的開發與應用現狀。最后，對薄板坯連鑄連軋技術未來的發展進行了展望，提出連續化、專業化、智能化將是未來重要發展方向。Abstract: Thin slab casting and direct rolling (TSCR) technology has experienced 30 years of development since the first production line was commissioned in 1989. Owing to consistent and successful exploration and innovation by engineers and researchers, rapid progress in TSCR technology has been witnessed. Under the background of carbon neutrality, the steel industry encounters tremendous pressure for low carbon emissions. As one of the representative near-net-shape steel manufacturing technologies, TSCR technology has attracted extensive attention. This article reviewed the development history and evolution of critical process equipment for the TSCR technology. According to the continuous extent of the manufacturing process, the TSCR technology can be classified into the following three generations, i.e., batch rolling, semiendless rolling, and endless rolling. With the improvement of the continuity of TSCR technology, the production line is greatly shortened, especially the third-generation technology, the endless strip production line. Meanwhile, the increase in continuity substantially increases productivity, production yield, and energy efficiency and expands the thinnest strip thickness down to 0.6 mm. Additionally, the specific characteristics of processing and physical metallurgy of TSCR technology were analyzed. Based on its characteristics of rapid solidification, heavy reduction per rolling pass, and uniform temperature distribution, TSCR technology was suggested to produce special steel, high strength steel, silicon steel, and thin gauge products. New advances on the development of representative products for TSCR technology, e.g., medium- and high-carbon steels, high-strength hot-rolled steels, and silicon steels, and their practical application status were discussed. Finally, this work envisaged the future development directions of TSCR technology and proposed that making the process more concise and continuous, developing product-oriented production lines, and coupling intelligent manufacturing with TSCR technology will be important development directions in the future.
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圖 1 薄板坯連鑄結晶器類型. (a) 漏斗形結晶器；(b) H2結晶器
Figure 1. Thin slab casting molds: (a) infundibulate casting mold; (b) H2 casting mold
圖 2 輥底式均熱爐間鑄坯的傳輸方式. (a)橫移式；(b)擺動式
Figure 2. Transfer methods of the casting slab between roller hearth furnaces: (a) traverse method; (b) swing method
圖 3 ESP技術的銜接方式
Figure 3. Connection method between the roughing and finishing mill group of the ESP technology
圖 4 達涅利FTSR產線三點除鱗布置示意圖
Figure 4. Schematic of the three-point descaling system in the Danieli FTSR production line
圖 6 薄板坯與傳統鑄坯二次枝晶間距比較
Figure 6. Comparison of the secondary dendrite spacing between the TSCR and conventional slab casting
圖 7 薄板坯連鑄連軋微合金鋼中納米析出顆粒的TEM形貌像. (a)VN納米顆粒；(b)AlN和MnS顆粒
Figure 7. TEM images showing the morphology of nanoprecipitates of the TSCR-produced microalloyed steel: (a) VN precipitates; (b) AlN and MnS precipitates
圖 8 不同加熱溫度和加熱時間對高碳鋼SK85脫碳層厚度的影響。（a）脫碳層厚度隨加熱溫度的變化；（b）脫碳層厚度隨加熱時間的變化
Figure 8. Influence of the heating temperature and durations on the decarburization layer thickness of high-carbon steel SK85: (a) the evolution of decarburization layer thickness with the variations of heating temperate; (b) the evolution of decarburization layer thickness with the variations of heating durations
圖 10 基于薄板坯連鑄連軋流程特點的產品定位
Figure 10. Product orientation proposed based on the characteristics of the TSCR process
表 1 全球已建薄板坯連鑄連軋產線
Table 1. Thin slab casting and direct rolling production lines in the word
Country Number of production lines Annual productive capacity/(106 t) CSP ISP FTSR QSP CONROLL TSP ESP ASP Total China 7 — 3 — — — 9 4 32 54.57 USA 9 — — 2 1 5 — — 17 29.70 India 4 — — — — — — — 4 11.40 Italy 2 1 — — — — 1 — 4 4.30 South Korea 1 1 1 — — — 1 — 4 8.60 Others 11 1 5 1 3 21 28.8 Total 34 3 9 3 4 5 11 4 73 137.37 
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表 2 中國已建薄板坯連鑄連軋產線
Table 2. Thin slab casting and direct rolling production lines in China
Name of company Technology Slab thickness/
mmProducts thickness/
mmAnnual production capacity/
(104 t)Put into production
timeZhujiang Steel CSP 50–60 1.2–12.7 180 1999.8 Handan Iron &Steel Group CSP 60–90 1.2–12.7 250 1999.12 Baotou Steel CSP 50–70 1.2–12.0 200 2001.8 Anshan Steel ASP 100–135 1.5–25.0 240 2000.7 Anshan Steel ASP 135–170 1.5–25.0 500 2005 Maanshan Iron &Steel Group CSP 50–90 0.8–12.7 200 2003.9 HBIS Group Tangsteel Company FTSR 70–90 0.8–12.0 250 2002.1 Valin LY Steel CSP 55–70 0.8–12.7 240 2004.2 Bensteel Group FTSR 70–85 0.8–12.7 280 2004.11 Tonggang Limited Company FTSR 70–90 1.0–12.0 250 2005.12 Jigang Group ASP 135–150 1.5–25.0 250 2006.11 Jiuquan Iron & Steel CSP 52–70 1.2–12.7 200 2005.5 Wuhan Iron &Steel Group CSP 50–90 1.0–12.7 253 2009.2 Anshan Steel ASP 100–135 0.8–12.7 200 2010.11 Rizhao Steel ESP 70–110 0.8–6.0 222 2014.11 Rizhao Steel ESP 70–110 0.8–6.0 222 2015.5 Rizhao Steel ESP 70–110 0.8–6.0 222 2015.9 Rizhao Steel ESP 70–110 0.6–6.0 222 2018.3 Shougang Jingtang Iron & Steel United MCCR 110/123 0.8–12.7 210 2019.4 Tangshan Quanfeng DSCCR 70–100 0.8–4.5 200 2019.6 Rizhao Steel ESP 70–110 0.6–6.0 222 2021.2 Fujian Dingsheng Steel ESP 70–110 0.8–6.0 222 2021 Taihang Steel ESP 70–110 0.8–6.0 222 2021 Total 5457
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表 3 薄板坯連鑄連軋三代技術的技術特征
Table 3. Technical features in the three generations of TSCR technology
Generation Representative characteristics Slab thickness/mm Mass flow (width: 1300 mm)/ (t·min?1) Types of heating furnace Number of rolling mills 1st generation Batch rolling 50–70 3–3.5 ~200 m roller hearth reheating furnace 5–7 2nd generation Semiendless 60–90 3.5–4.5 200–315 m roller hearth reheating furnace 7 3rd generation Endless rolling 80–120 5.0–6.5 ~10 m electromagnetic induction heating; 80 m roller hearth reheating furnace + 10 m electromagnetic induction heating 8 Generation Speed schedule Length of the continuous rolling process Smallest thickness of the product/mm Ratio of thin product Length of the production line/m 1st generation Constant Short, 1 coil 1.2 Low 170–360 2nd generation Speed-up Medium, 4–7 coils 0.8 Medium 390–480 3rd generation Constant-mass flow Long, 1 rolling cycle 0.6 High 170–290
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表 4 兩種流程生產典型中高碳鋼脫碳層深度比較
Table 4. Comparison of the decarburization layer thickness of medium- and high-carbon steel produced by the TSCR process and conventional steel manufacturing processes
Steel grade Strip thickness/mm Decarburization layer thickness/μm Products of TSCR Products of conventional process Products of TSCR Products of conventional process SK95 5.00 5.00 16.67 38.50 4.00 3.00 10.50 31.00 SK85 5.00 5.00 16.67 60.60 4.00 4.00 10.50 30.12
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