MXenes在鋰離子電池負極材料中的應用

申恒濤; 安永靈; 滿泉言; 馮金奎

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.10.07.002

MXenes在鋰離子電池負極材料中的應用

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.10.07.002

申恒濤^{1, 2},
安永靈^{1, 2},
滿泉言^{1, 2},
馮金奎^{1, 2, ,}

1.
材料液固結構演變與加工教育部重點實驗室，濟南 250061
2.
山東大學材料科學與工程學院，濟南 250061

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金面上資助項目（51972198）；國家自然科學基金重點資助項目（61633015）；泰山學者資助項目（ts201511004，ts20190908）；山東省自然科學基金資助項目（ZR2020JQ19）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: jinkui@sdu.edu.cn

中圖分類號: O646.21;TB333
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-07
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-12-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-01

Application of MXenes as an anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

SHEN Heng-tao^{1, 2},
AN Yong-ling^{1, 2},
MAN Quan-yan^{1, 2},
FENG Jin-kui^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory for Liquid?Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Jinan 250061, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: jinkui@sdu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: MXenes(M_n+1X_nT_x)是一類二維無機化合物材料，它由幾個原子層厚度的過渡金屬氮化物、碳化物或碳氮化物構成。由于具有大的比表面積、快速充放電性能和小的體積變化等優點，MXenes受到越來越多研究人員的關注。研究者希望能夠利用MXenes材料研發出具有優異電化學性能的鋰離子電池負極材料，從而提高電池的能量密度和壽命。然而MXenes材料制備過程中產生的層間堆積和坍塌限制了其進一步的發展。目前，研究人員通過將MXenes與其他材料復合制備出具有新結構的材料，不僅可以擴大層間距，改善材料結構，還有助于改進材料的電化學性能。本文介紹了MXenes與碳納米材料、過渡金屬氧化物、過渡金屬硫化物和硅等材料復合改性來提高材料電化學性能的研究策略，并探討了MXenes和堿金屬等材料復合實現穩定無枝晶的鋰離子電池金屬負極的方案。最后，闡述了MXenes應用在鋰離子電池負極材料中面臨的挑戰，并作出了展望。
- MXenes /
- 鋰離子電池 /
- 負極材料 /
- 電化學性能 /
- 復合改性
Abstract: MXenes are a class of two-dimensional inorganic materials comprising transition-metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides of several atomic layers thick. Their general formula is (M_n+1X_nT_x), where M is a transition metal, such as Ti, n is the number of atomic layers, X is carbon and/or nitrogen, and T_x is the functional group introduced in the reaction process, such as OH, H, or F. They are obtained from the MAX precursor (M_n+1AX_n, where A is a group of 13 or 14 elements, such as Al and Si). In 2011, Gogotsi, Barsoum, et al. first reported the synthesis of Ti₃C₂T_x by selective etching of the Al layer using a Ti₃AlC₂ MAX phase precursor impregnated with HF solution. The advantageous properties of MXenes, such as large specific surface area, fast charge–discharge performance, and small volume change, have made them attractive for lithium-ion battery anode materials, as first reported by the group Simon and Gogotsi in 2012. Since then, much attention has been paid to MXenes. Researchers hope to use MXenes for lithium-ion battery anode materials with high capacity, high safety, and improved energy density and battery life. However, a multilayer MXene material will collapse or accumulate during the preparation process, resulting in a large reduction in the contact area, thus reducing the electron and ion transport capacity of the MXene material perpendicular to the layer structure. Hence, MXenes are usually combined with other materials to improve the obtained structure, expand the layer spacing, and help enhance their electrochemical properties. This paper reviews the approaches to improving the electrochemical properties of MXenes by doping with transition-metal oxides, transition-metal sulfides, and silicon, as well as the scheme to achieve a stable and dendrite-free metal anode by using MXenes and high-capacity anode materials. Last, future challenges faced by MXenes as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries are analyzed and prospected.
- MXenes /
- lithium-ion battery /
- anode material /
- lithium-ion storage /
- electrochemical performance

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圖 1 MXenes的組成元素^[1]

Figure 1. Phase composition of MAX^[1]

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圖 2 MAX及對應的MXenes的相結構^[3]

Figure 2. Phase structure of MAX and corresponding MXenes^[3]

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圖 3 (a) Ti₃C₂/CNF雜化粒子的制備示意圖；(b) Ti₃C₂/CNF樣品的倍率性能；(c) Ti₃C₂T_x樣品在1C和Ti₃C₂/CNF樣品在1C和100C的循環穩定性；(d) Ti₃C₂T_x和Ti₃C₂/CNF樣品的EIS圖(1C=320 mA ·g^–1)^[25]

Figure 3. (a) Schematic diagram of preparation of Ti₃C₂/CNF hybrid particles; (b) rate performance of Ti₃C₂/CNF samples; (c) cyclic stability of Ti₃C₂T_x samples at 1C and Ti₃C₂/CNF samples at 1C and 100C; (d) EIS diagram of Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₃C₂/CNF samples (1C=320 mA ·g^–1)^[25]

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圖 4 (a) 交替過濾法制備的Ti₃C₂T_x/Co₃O₄薄膜的倍率性能；(b) 原位生長法制備的Ti₃C₂T_x/NiCo₂O₄薄膜的倍率性能；（c～d）噴涂法制備的Ti₃C₂T_x/Co₃O₄薄膜在1C下的循環性能和倍率性能(1C=320 mA ·g^–1)^[29]

Figure 4. (a) Rate performance of Ti₃C₂T_x/Co₃O₄ thin films prepared by alternating filtration; (b) rate performance of Ti₃C₂T_x/Co₃O₄ films prepared by in-situ growth; (c–d) properties of Ti₃C₂T_x/Co₃O₄ films prepared by sprayingcyclic properties at 1C and rate performance, respectively (1C=320 mA ·g^–1)^[29]

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圖 5 (a) MoS₂@C、MoS₂/rGO@C、Ti₃C₂ MXene、MoS₂@oxidized MXene和MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C電極在不同充放電電流下的倍率性能；(b) MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C電極在0.2 A·g^–1下的充放電曲線；(c) MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C電極在1.0、2.0、5.0和10.0 A·g^–1的循環性能；(d) MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C電極在高電流密度20 A·g^-1下的循環性能^[33]

Figure 5. (a) Rate performance of MoS₂@C, MoS₂/rGO@C, Ti₃C₂ MXene, MoS₂/oxidized MXene and MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C electrodes at different current density; (b) discharge-charge profiles of MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C electrode at 0.2 A·g^–1 ; (c) cyclic performance of MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C electrodes at the current density of 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 A·g^–1,respectively; (d) cyclic performance of MoS₂/Ti₃C₂–MXene@C electrodes at the current density of 20.0 A·g^{–1 [33]}

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圖 6 (a) 不同質量比的Si/d-Ti₃C₂雜化材料在500 mA·g^–1電流密度下的循環性能；(b) Si/d-Ti₃C₂(2∶1)雜化和原始Si納米顆粒的倍率性能；(c～d)分別為原始Si負極和Si/d-Ti₃C₂負極循環50次后的SEM圖像^[39]

Figure 6. (a) Cyclic properties of Si/d-Ti₃C₂ hybrid materials with different mass ratios at the current density of 500 mA·g^–1; (b) Rate performance of Si/d-Ti₃C₂(2∶1) hybrid and original Si nanoparticles; (c–d) SEM images of the original Si anode and Si/d-Ti₃C₂ anode after 50 cycles, respectively^[39]

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圖 7 (a) Li-Ti₃C₂T_x-rGO復合負極制備過程示意圖；(b~c) Li-Ti₃C₂T_x-rGO復合負極和裸鋰負極在1 mA·cm^–2循環200 h后的SEM圖像^[45]

Figure 7. (a) Schematic diagram of preparation process of Li-Ti₃C₂T_x-rGO composite anode; (b–c) SEM images of Li-Ti₃C₂T_x-rGO composite anode and bare lithium anode at the current density of 1 mA·cm^–2 after cycling 200 h^[45]

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表 1 MXenes負極材料的電化學性能

Table 1. Electrochemical properties of MXenes materials

MXene type	Current density/ （mA·g^–1）	Initial discharge capacity/ （mA·h·g^–1）	Cycle number	Specific capacity after cycling/ （mA·h·g^–1）	Ref
V₂C	370	467	20	260	[46]
MoS₂/Ti₃C₂	500	—	50	230	[47]
Nb₄C₃T_x	1000	116	100	320	[48]
CNTs@ Ti₃C₂	1000	479	250	445	[49]
Na_0.23TiO₂/Ti₃C₂	5000	—	4000	178	[50]
MXene/Si@SiO_x@C	42000	510	1000	390	[51]
Sn/SnO_x@Ti₃C₂	50	1981.3	200	594.2	[52]
Si p-NS@TNSs	200	2588	150	1154	[53]
Ti₃C₂T_x/Fe₃O₄	100	565.3	100	450	[54]
V₄C₃-MXene/MoS₂/C	1000	933.7	450	622.6	[55]
S-TC-2	100	1348	100	462.3	[35]
N-S-VCT	2000	—	300	298	[56]
nMH/MX-60	100	1051.2	100	389.3	[57]
SnO₂–Ti₂C–C	2000	—	500	763.18	[58]
Ti₃C₂@VO₂	100	1107.8	100	365.6	[59]
Silicon/MXene	200	—	100	2118	[60]
CoP–Co₂P/Ti₃C₂	700	—	1000	650	[61]

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