Optimization of depth clarification device for beneficiation circulating water based on solid-liquid two-phase flow simulation
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摘要: 部分選礦循環水中含一定量的高分散性懸浮顆粒，僅依靠簡單濃縮沉降難以澄清，無法達到回用要求。針對這一難題，提出了一種選礦循環水固體懸浮物澄清裝置。為優化裝置的結構參數與運行參數，建立了選礦循環水深度澄清裝置的二維物理模型，基于計算流體力學（CFD）的方法，選用Mixture和RNG k?ε 模型對裝置主要的結構參數與運行參數展開了數值模擬研究。研究發現適當降低水力循環區噴嘴長度，增加喉管與噴嘴管徑比、顆粒沉降區開口尺寸、裝置直徑等結構，能夠降低顆粒沉降區平均湍動能，由于湍動能為單位質量流體由于紊流脈動所具有的動能，故降低了顆粒沉降區流場的紊流程度，增加了水流的穩定性，提高了裝置對懸浮顆粒的去除效果；同時發現降低入口流速、增加懸浮顆粒粒徑有助于提高懸浮物的去除率，當進水流速為0.1 m·s?1、經過混凝的懸浮顆粒形成粒徑大于100 μm時，裝置對選礦循環水中的懸浮顆粒去除效果顯著。Abstract: Some beneficiation circulating water contains excess highly dispersed suspended particles, which are difficult to clarify only by simple concentration and sedimentation and cannot meet the requirements of reuse. To solve this problem, a clarification device was developed for removing the solid suspended matter from beneficiation circulating water, which consists of a hydraulic circulation area and a particle sedimentation area and integrating mixing, flocculation, and sedimentation. The flow field inside the gadget has a big influence on how well it works. The structural and operating parameters of the gadget were improved using the computational fluid dynamics approach to increase the device’s performance. A two-dimensional physical model of the deep clarification device for beneficiation circulating water was established. Numerical simulation research on its main structural parameters and operating parameters were conducted by using software Fluent and choosing the Mixture multiphase flow model and RNG k?ε turbulence model. The effects of feed water nozzle length, throat to nozzle diameter ratio, sludge settling area opening size, and device diameter on the internal flow field were investigated. The average turbulent kinetic energy in the sludge settling zone can be reduced by reducing the length of the nozzle in the hydraulic circulation region, increasing the ratio of the throat to nozzle diameter and the opening size of the sludge settling area, and increasing the diameter of the device. Due to the fact that the turbulent kinetic energy is the kinetic energy of fluid produced by turbulent pulsation, the turbulent degree of the flow field in the sludge settling area is reduced, the effect of turbulent flow in the flow field on particle settling is weakened, and the removal effect of the device on suspended particles is improved. Simultaneously, it is found that at the same suspended solids concentration, reducing the inlet flow rate or increasing the suspended particle size helps to improve the removal rate of suspended solids. When the inlet flow rate is 0.1 m·s-1 and the coagulated suspended particles form particles with particle size more than 100 μm, the removal effect of slime particles in beneficiation circulating water is remarkable.
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圖 1 固體懸浮物處理裝置結構簡圖
Figure 1. Structure diagram of deep clarification physicochemical reaction device
圖 4 不同噴嘴長度對裝置內部速度流場的影響. (a) 50 m; (b) 80 mm; (c) 110mm
Figure 4. Effect of nozzle length on velocity flow field inside the device: (a) 50 m; (b) 80 mm; (c) 110 mm
圖 6 噴嘴長度對固體懸浮顆粒去除率η的影響
Figure 6. Effect of nozzle length on the removal rate of solid suspended particles η
圖 5 噴嘴長度對顆粒沉降區平均湍動能的影響
Figure 5. Effect of nozzle length on average turbulent kinetic energy in sludge settling zone
圖 7 管徑比對裝置內部速度流場的影響. (a) 管徑比1.5; (b) 管徑比2; (c) 管徑比3
Figure 7. Effect of pipe diameter ratio on velocity flow field inside the device: (a) pipe diameter ratio of 1.5; (b) pipe diameter ratio of 2; (c) pipe diameter ratio of 3
圖 8 管徑比對顆粒沉降區平均湍動能的影響
Figure 8. Effect of pipe diameter ratio on average turbulent kinetic energy in sludge settling zone
圖 9 管徑比對固體懸浮顆粒去除率的影響
Figure 9. Effect of pipe diameter ratio on the removal rate of solid suspended particles
圖 10 開口尺寸對裝置內部速度流場的影響. (a) 開口尺寸50 mm; (b) 開口尺寸70 mm; (c) 開口尺寸90 mm
Figure 10. Effect of opening size on velocity flow field inside the device: (a) opening size of 50 mm; (b) opening size of 70 mm; (c) opening size of 90 mm
圖 12 開口尺寸對固體懸浮顆粒去除率的影響
Figure 12. Effect of opening size on removal rate of suspended solids particles
圖 11 開口尺寸對污泥沉降區平均湍動能的影響
Figure 11. Effect of opening size on average turbulent kinetic energy in sludge settling zone
圖 13 裝置直徑對裝置內部速度流場的影響. (a) 直徑500 mm; (b) 直徑600 mm; (c) 直徑700 mm
Figure 13. Effect of device diameter on velocity distribution of flow field inside the device: (a) diameter of 500 mm; (b) diameter of 600 mm; (c) diameter of 700 mm
圖 14 裝置直徑對污泥沉降區平均湍動能的影響
Figure 14. Effect of device diameter on average turbulent kinetic energy in sludge settling zone
圖 15 裝置直徑對固體懸浮顆粒去除率的影響
Figure 15. Effect of device diameter on the removal rate of solid suspended particles
表 1 裝置主要結構尺寸
Table 1. Main structure size of the device
mm H D h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 d1 1220 500 155 450 440 60 190 95 25 d2 d3 L L1 L2 L3 L4 α β 50 380 70 80 15 60 50 140o 150o 
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表 2 裝置運行參數對固體懸浮顆粒去除率的影響
Table 2. Effect of operation parameters on the removal rate of suspended solids
Inlet velocity/(m·s?1) Suspended particle size/μm η/% 0.1 60 25.11 75 30.26 100 60.98 120 80.36 0.12 60 18.3 75 24.13 100 45.96 120 70.46 0.15 60 17.16 75 18.41 100 26.11 120 46.18 0.18 60 11.54 75 15.6 100 23.6 120 29.1
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