高功率鋰離子電池研究進展

陳港欣; 孫現眾; 張熊; 王凱; 馬衍偉

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.08.16.004

高功率鋰離子電池研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.08.16.004

陳港欣^{1, 2},
孫現眾^{1, 2, 3, ,},
張熊^{1, 2, 3},
王凱^{1, 2, 3},
馬衍偉^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中國科學院電工研究所，北京100190
2.
中國科學院大學工程科學學院，北京100049
3.
齊魯中科電工先進電磁驅動技術研究院，濟南250013

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（52077207，51907193）；北京市自然科學基金資助項目（JQ19012）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: xzsun@mail.iee.ac.cn

中圖分類號: TM912
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-16
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-11-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-02

Progress of high-power lithium-ion batteries

CHEN Gang-xin^{1, 2},
SUN Xian-zhong^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
ZHANG Xiong^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Kai^{1, 2, 3},
MA Yan-wei^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250013, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: xzsun@mail.iee.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 高功率快放型鋰離子電池是目前鋰離子電池領域研究的重點方向之一。為了獲得具有高功率密度的鋰離子電池，正極材料須具有較高的電壓和較高的電子與離子導電率，正極材料主要包括高電壓鈷酸鋰、鎳錳酸鋰和高電壓三元材料，負極材料包括碳系材料、鈦基材料和金屬氧化物材料，以及為提高首效和降低負極電位而采用的預嵌鋰方法，并對鋰離子電池電解液用鋰鹽、溶劑和添加劑進行了綜述。最終總結了功率密度測試方法，并對高功率鋰離子電池的研究進行展望。
- 高功率鋰離子電池 /
- 正極材料 /
- 負極材料 /
- 電解液 /
- 預嵌鋰 /
- 功率密度
Abstract: High-power and fast-discharging lithium-ion battery, which can be used in smart power grids, rail transits, electromagnetic launch systems, aerospace systems, and so on, is one of the key research directions in the field of lithium-ion batteries and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. To obtain lithium-ion batteries with a high power density, the cathode materials should possess high voltage and high electronic/ionic conductivity, which can be realized by selecting high-voltage materials and modifying them to improve the voltage and reduce the battery’s internal resistance. Currently, the cathode materials of high-power lithium-ion batteries mainly include high-voltage LiCoO₂, LiN_i0.5Mn_1.5O₄, and Li(NiCoMn)O₂ materials. Meanwhile, the anode materials include carbon- and Ti-based materials and metal oxides. This paper reviews the research on the modification of these materials, such as element doping and surface coating, which have gained considerable attention nowadays, as well as some new types of anode materials that exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. In terms of the negative electrode, the prelithiation process is one of the effective means to improve the power performance of a lithium-ion battery. This process’s significance is to compensate the consumption of Li⁺ and reduce the potential of the negative electrode to the working range for improving the platform voltage of the battery and improving the power density and energy density. This paper summarizes several commonly used prelithiation methods of the lithium-ion battery. Finally, the lithium salts, solvents, and additives for the electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries are introduced on the basis of their classification, properties, and performances. Several new types of lithium salts and additives are mentioned herein, such as lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, and tetramethylene sulfone. Furthermore, this paper summarizes several common power density test methods of lithium-ion batteries and prospects the research of high-power lithium-ion batteries. As a matter of fact, the power performance of lithium-ion batteries is gaining increasing attention and has truly achieved considerable improvement in recent years.
- high-power lithium-ion batteries /
- cathode materials /
- anode materials /
- electrolytes /
- prelithiation /
- power density

HTML全文

圖 1 高電壓鈷酸鋰存在的主要問題^[8]

Figure 1. Primary issues of high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide^[8]

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圖 2 采用不同質量比導電劑的正極倍率性能曲線

Figure 2. Curves of rate capabilities of the cathode with various weight ratio of conductive additives

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圖 3 分體式雙材料正極結構的鋰離子電池電容結構示意圖^[36]

Figure 3. Schematic of the structure and assembly of a typical three-electrode lithium-ion battery-capacitor (LIBC) pouch cell with segmented bi-material cathodes^[36]

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圖 4 密度泛函理論(Density functional theory, DFT)計算無序巖鹽結構Li_3+xV₂O₅的Li位置占有率和電壓曲線^[54]。（a）0-TM（T1）和1-TM（T2）四面體Li插入位點；（b）當Li插入0-TM（T1）位點時四個相鄰的LiO₆八面體的偏心位移；（c）根據DFT計算，在插入Li⁺后四面體和八面體中Li位置占有率的演變；（d）相對于鋰電極的實驗電壓曲線和根據PBE+U泛函計算得出的的電壓曲線

Figure 4. DFT-calculated Li site occupancies and voltage profile for DRS-Li_3+xV₂O₅^[54]: (a) 0-TM (T1) and 1-TM (T2) tetrahedral Li insertion sites; (b) off-center displacements of four neighboring LiO₆ octahedra upon Li insertion into the 0-TM (T1) site; (c) evolution of Li site occupancies in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites upon Li insertion determined via DFT calculations; (d) experimental and computational voltage profiles calculated using the PBE + U functional

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圖 5 添加劑TMSB增強鋰離子電池高電壓性能的作用機制^[80]

Figure 5. Fundamental roles of the TMSB to enhance the high-voltage performance of the LIB^[80]

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圖 6 高功率鋰離子電池預嵌鋰方法示意圖。（a）預嵌鋰效果圖^[33]；（b）負極摻雜鋰和正極摻雜鋰示意圖^[82]；（c）鈍化鋰粉(SLMP)方法預嵌鋰^[83]；（d）電化學方法預嵌鋰^[84]；（e）鋰金屬接觸方法預嵌鋰^[85]

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of pre-lithiation method for high power LIBs: (a) potential changes before and after pre-lithiation ^[33]；(b)pre-lithiation approaches of Li foil and cathode additives^[82]；(c) SLMP powder pre-lithiation method ^[83]；(d)electrochemical pre-lithiation method ^[84]；(e) Li metal contact prelithiation method ^[85]

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