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摘要: 針對深部巖體工程科學前沿的巖爆研究難題，分析了制約其動態定量及智能化預警研究的挑戰性問題。為突破挑戰問題制約，采用面向對象的B/S+C/S結構，建立了巖爆數據庫管理系統，包含巖爆案例數據庫、微震波形數據庫、微震時序數據庫，具備多工程管理、詳細數據采集、查詢分析、結果導出等功能的巖爆數據庫管理系統，成功實現了多工程、多源巖爆災害信息的詳細采集與有效管理。利用多個具有巖爆災害的深埋巖體工程，對巖爆數據庫管理系統進行了應用，取得了較好的效果。結果表明建立的巖爆數據庫管理系統具有較好的適用性，可為不同工程巖爆類比研究、巖爆智能預警研究等提供科學、可靠的數據基礎與參考。Abstract: Aiming at the research problems on rockbursts in the forefront of deep rock mass engineering science, the challenges restricting its quantitative dynamics and intelligent warning research were analyzed. The development mechanism of rockbursts and rockburst intelligent monitoring and warning are the key technical issues for the safe construction of deep rock mass engineering. In this study, a rockburst database management system was established to accurately and effectively collect the characteristics of rockbursts and their corresponding geological as well as excavation information, fracture response monitoring, and other information in different stages of the project. On this basis, the differences and connections between different projects were constructed to study the rockburst mechanism and intelligent monitoring and warning of rockbursts as a whole. Accordingly, the problems of lack of sample numbers and unbalanced sample structure of rockburst cases of different types and intensities were effectively solved. Object-oriented B/S + C/S structure was adopted, and the rockburst database management system was established to break through the constraints of challenges. This rockburst database management system includes a rockburst case database, microseismic waveform database, and microseismic time sequence database and has the functions of multi-engineering management, detailed data acquisition, query analysis, and result export. The detailed collection and effective management of multi-engineering and multi-source rockburst disaster information were successfully realized using the database management system. Several deep-buried rock mass projects with the rockburst disaster were used to apply the rockburst database management system. The three challenges of the rockburst mechanism and rockburst intelligent monitoring as well as warning were verified by examples, and satisfactory results were obtained. The results show that the rockburst database management system established in this study has good applicability, can be adapted to the needs of different stages of the project, and can also provide scientific and reliable data basis and reference for rockburst analogy and intelligent warning research in different projects.
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圖 1 巖爆數據庫管理系統架構圖
Figure 1. Architecture diagram of the Rockburst Database Management System
圖 2 巖爆數據庫管理系統結構圖
Figure 2. Structure diagram of the Rockburst Database Management System
圖 7 基于巖爆數據庫管理系統的不同等級巖爆破壞特征
Figure 7. Analysis results of failure characteristics of different intensities of rockbursts based on the Rockburst Database Management System
圖 8 基于巖爆數據庫管理系統的巖爆智能預警結果
Figure 8. Rockburst intelligent warning results based on the Rockburst Database Management System
圖 9 預警區域微震活動特征。（a）微震活動時空分布；（b）微震活動時序
Figure 9. Characteristics of microseismicity in the rockburst warning area: (a) temporal and spatial distribution of microseismicity; (b) time series of microseismicity
圖 10 巖爆預警結果與實際發生情況。（a）巖爆預警結果；（b）巖爆實際發生情況
Figure 10. Rockburst warning results and actual occurrence: (a) rockburst warning results; (b) actual occurrence
表 1 巖爆數據庫管理系統主要內容
Table 1. Main contents of the Rockburst Database Management System
Database type Main content Specific information Rockburst
case databaseBasic information of the project Project overview, layout of the microseismic monitoring system, excavation method, blasting time, geological survey information, and excavation and support design information Basic information of rockbursts Time of occurrence, time lag behind blasting, duration, occurrence station, type, intensity, and occurrence process description Crater and rock block information Shape and volume of the crater, location of the crater, maximum ejection distance, maximum depth of the crater, and shape of the rockburst block Geological information of surrounding rocks Lithology, rock mass structure type, quality grade of the surrounding rocks, groundwater conditions, occurrence of structural planes, and filling condition Initial support and damage information Time and type of the initial support of surrounding rocks, initial support failure, time for danger as well as slag removal in the rockburst area, and downtime New support measure information New support type, support time, support area, and support parameters Original rock stress and strength information Buried depth, direction and magnitude of principal stress, uniaxial compressive strength of rock, strain energy index, and brittleness index Attachment information Rockburst video, picture, construction drawings, and construction organization plan Microseismic waveform database Microseismic waveform file Waveform data of all microseismic information monitored Waveform type Blasting waveform, rock fracture waveform, mechanical vibration waveform, and electrical noise waveform Waveform characteristic parameters P-wave first-arrival, S-wave first-arrival, overall ringing rate, maximum amplitude, maximum amplitude position, and dominant frequency Microseismic monitoring system IMS, SSS, ESG, and SOS Sensor type and quantity Uniaxial velocity type, uniaxial acceleration type, triaxial velocity type, triaxial acceleration type, and number of sensors Sensor installation mode Temporary installation in the hole, permanent installation in the hole, and installation of wave guide rod outside the hole Microseismic sequence database Micro-fracture information file Time, coordinate, energy, apparent volume, magnitude, and other characteristic parameter information of the rock mass fracture event Blasting information file Blasting time, blasting position, and other information Microseismic event extraction area Start chainage of warning area, tunnel face chainage, and end chainage of warning area Data continuity Monitoring the equipment operation and whether the monitoring data are continuous Microseismic sequence file Microseismic time series data file generated through calculation 
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