榆神府礦區采煤地表裂縫發育規律及特征

謝曉深; 侯恩科; 馮棟; 從通; 侯鵬飛; 陳秋計; 王建文; 李民峰; 謝永利

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.06.29.001

榆神府礦區采煤地表裂縫發育規律及特征

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.06.29.001

謝曉深^{1, 2},
侯恩科^{1, 2, ,},
馮棟^{1, 2},
從通³,
侯鵬飛^{1, 2},
陳秋計⁴,
王建文⁵,
李民峰⁶,
謝永利⁷

1.
西安科技大學地質與環境學院，西安 710054
2.
陜西省煤炭綠色開發地質保障重點實驗室，西安 710054
3.
中煤科工集團西安研究院有限公司，西安 710077
4.
西安科技大學測繪科學與技術學院，西安 710054
5.
陜煤集團神木檸條塔礦業有限公司，神木 719300
6.
陜西涌鑫礦業有限責任公司，府谷 719400
7.
陜西小保當礦業有限公司，榆林 719302

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（42177174）；陜西煤業化工集團科研計劃資助項目（2018MHKJ-B-J-24）；中央引導地方科技創新專項資助項目（2020ZY-JC-03）；聯合基金項目-企業-陜煤聯合基金資助項目（2021JLM-09）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: houek@xust.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TD745
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- 文章訪問數: 589
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 218
- PDF下載量: 76
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-29
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-01

Development law and characteristics of surface cracks caused by coal mining in Yushenfu mining area

XIE Xiao-shen^{1, 2},
HOU En-ke^{1, 2
, ,},
FENG Dong^{1, 2},
CONG Tong³,
HOU Peng-fei^{1, 2},
CHEN Qiu-ji⁴,
WANG Jian-wen⁵,
LI Min-feng⁶,
XIE Yong-li⁷

1.
College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
2.
Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an 710054, China
3.
Xi’an Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corporation, Xi’an 710077, China
4.
College of Geomatics, Xi′an University of Science and Technology, Xi′an 710054, China
5.
Shenmu Ningtiaota Coal Mining Company Ltd., Shaanxi Coal and Chemical industry Group Co., Ltd., Shenmu 719300, China
6.
Shaanxi Yongxin Mining Limited Liability Company, Fugu 719400, China
7.
Shaanxi Xiaobaodang Mining Corporation Limited, Yulin 719302, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: houek@xust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 榆神府礦區是陜北一個重要的原煤產地，煤炭開發利用規模大、強度高，但區內生態環境脆弱，采煤誘發的礦山地質環境問題尤為顯著。為全面掌握榆神府礦區采煤地表裂縫“靜”、“動”態發育規律、揭示其形成機理，以榆神府礦區的安山煤礦、檸條塔煤礦和小保當一號井的典型工作面為對象開展研究。研究結果表明：① 地表裂縫分為臺階型、擠壓隆起型、滑動型和拉張型4種類型以及“塌陷槽”、“平行并列”2種組合方式；② 榆神府礦區地表裂縫平面展布規律具有相對統一性，而地表裂縫表現特征具有差異性，且與采深采厚比呈負相關關系；③ 極淺埋煤層開采、淺埋煤層開采以及中深埋煤層開采地表裂縫分別具有滯后回采位置1.0 m、超前回采位置8.5 m和滯后回采位置30.14 m的動態展布規律，且地表裂縫滯后距與采深采厚比之間存在多項式的函數關系；④ 邊界裂縫和面內正向坡裂縫具有“只開不合”的活動特征，面內逆向坡裂縫具有“先開后合”的活動特征，面內平坦區裂縫則具有“先開后合再開”和“先開后合”兩種裂縫活動特征，平均活動時間3.7～7.0 d；裂縫“先開后合再開”的活動受覆巖運移控制，“只開不合”和“先開后合”的裂縫活動受地表移動變形控制，而斜坡裂縫活動機理則與坡體滑移密切相關。研究成果可為榆神府礦區地表裂縫治理和生態修復提供指導。
- 煤炭開采 /
- 地表裂縫 /
- 發育規律 /
- 形成機理 /
- 榆神府礦區
Abstract: Yushenfu mining area, with large scale and high intensity, is an important raw coal-producing area in northern Shaanxi, but the fragile ecological environment makes the mine geological environment problems caused by coal mining particularly relevant. To grasp the development law of surface cracks and reveal the formation mechanism caused by coal mining in the Yushenfu mining area, the typical working faces of Anshan Coal Mine, Caragana Tower Coal Mine, and No. 1 Coal Mine of Xiaobaodang in the Yushenfu Mining area were chosen as the research object to conduct the study. The results show that the surface cracks can be divided into four types: step type, extrusion uplift type, sliding type, and tension type, as well as two combination modes of collapse, trough and parallel. In the Yushenfu mining area, the spatial distribution law of surface cracks is relatively unified. The performance characteristics of surface cracks are different and negatively correlated with the ratio of mining depth to mining thickness. The surface cracks induced by very shallow coal seam mining, shallow coal seam mining, and medium-deep coal seam mining have the dynamic law of lagging mining position 1.0 m, advanced mining position 8.5 m, and lagging mining position 30.14 m, respectively, and the relationship between the lag distance of surface cracks and the ratio of mining depth to mining thickness is a polynomial function. The characteristic of the width of boundary cracks and forward slope cracks in the working face was increased until stable. In contrast to the boundary cracks, the characteristic of the width of the reverse slope fractures increases and then decreases, and the width of the cracks in the flat area in the working face increases first, then declines, and then increases. The average activity time was 3.7–7.0 days. The crack with the activity of “opening first and then closing” is controlled by the dynamic evolution of overlying rock structure, and the fracture with the activity of “only opening and then closing” and “opening first and then closing” was controlled by surface dynamic evolution. However, the activation mechanism of slope fracture is closely related to slope slip. The findings of this study can provide theoretical guidance for surface crack control and ecological restoration in the Yushenfu mining area.
- coal mining /
- surface cracks /
- development law /
- formation mechanism /
- Yushenfu mining area

HTML全文

圖 1 研究區位置及地貌

Figure 1. Location and geomorphology of the study area

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圖 2 地表裂縫類型及組合形式. (a)臺階狀裂縫; (b)擠壓隆起; (c)滑動裂縫I型; (d)滑動裂縫II型; (e) 拉張裂縫; (f) “集群”發育; (g)塌陷槽; (h) 平行并列組合

Figure 2. Type and combination form of surface cracks: (a) step crack; (b) extrusion swell; (c) sliding crack I; (d) sliding crack II; (e) tensile crack; (f) cluster development;(g) collapse trough; (h) parallel cracks

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圖 3 地表裂縫平面展布示意圖

Figure 3. Distribution map of surface cracks

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圖 4 地表裂縫特征. (a)裂縫寬度占比; (b)裂縫落差高度占比

Figure 4. Characteristics of surface cracks: (a) proportion of cracks with different widths; (b) proportion of cracks with different heights

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圖 5 地表裂縫動態展布示意圖

Figure 5. Dynamic expansion map of surface cracks

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圖 6 地表裂縫滯后距與采深采厚比關系

Figure 6. Relationship between lag distance of surface fractures and mining depth-thickness ratio

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圖 7 地表裂縫活動曲線. (a)面內反向坡裂縫; (b)面內正向坡裂縫; (c)面內平坦區裂縫; (d)順槽邊界裂縫

Figure 7. Activity curve of surface cracks: (a) slope cracks opposite to the direction of mining; (b) slope cracks in the same direction as mining; (c) cracks in the flat area of the working face; (d) marginal cracks

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圖 8 地表裂縫形成機理示意圖

Figure 8. Model diagram of the formation mechanism of surface cracks

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圖 9 125203工作面面內地表裂縫動態發育模型

Figure 9. Dynamic evolution model of surface cracks in the 125203 working face

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圖 10 N1212工作面和112201工作面地表裂縫動態發育模型

Figure 10. Dynamic evolution model of surface cracks in the N1212 working face and the 110201 working face

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圖 11 面內斜坡裂縫動態發育模型

Figure 11. Dynamic evolution model of surface cracks in a slope

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表 1 典型工作面開采參數表

Table 1. Parameters of typical working faces

Working faces	Length/m	Width/m	Mining thickness/m	Mining depth/m	Coal seam	Mining speed/（m·d^?1）	Mining method	Geomorphology
125203	3152	270	2.0	20（trench bottom）	5^?2	11.5	Long wall coal mining	Loess gully
S1230	4993	324	6.5	181	2^?2	9.0	Long wall coal mining	Aeolian beach
N1212	1965	170	4.8	178	2^?2	8.0	Long wall coal mining	Loess gully
S12002	3956	344	4.1	191	2^?2	9.0	Long wall coal mining	Aeolian beach
112201	4560	350	5.8	302	2^?2	12.8	Long wall coal mining	Aeolian beach

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表 2 地表裂縫動態發育特征數據

Table 2. Data of dynamic development characteristics of surface cracks

Working face	Ratio of depth to thickness	Dynamic distribution characteristics		Activity characteristics of surface cracks, variation characteristics of crack width / activity time
Working face	Ratio of depth to thickness	Lag distance/ m	Lag angle / (°)	Surface cracks on the reverse slope	Surface cracks on the positive slope	Surface cracks on the flat area	Marginal cracks
125203	10	1.00	87.10	increase—decrease— stable /3.0 d	Increase until stable / 4.0 d	increase—decrease— increase—stable /3.7 d
N1212	37	?8.50	?87.20	increase—decrease— stable /5.0 d	Increase until stable / 7.0 d	increase—decrease— stable /6.0 d	Increase until stable / 7.0 d
112201	52	30.14	84.10			increase—decrease— stable /7.8 d	Increase until stable / 7.0 d
Note: positive value represents lag and negative value represents lead.

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表 3 工作面覆巖“兩帶”高度

Table 3. Height of “two zone”

Working faces	Height of “Two zone”/m	Average mining depth/m	Average bedrock thickness /m	Remaining geotechnical thickness /m
125203	54.0	20.0（trench bottom）	19.0（trench bottom）	?34.00
N1212	129.6	178.0	85.0	48.4
112201	156.6	302.00	215.0	145.4

下載: 導出CSV

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