Application of short-wall continuous mining and continuous backfilling cemented-fill mining technology
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摘要: 針對西部脆弱環境地區高強度開采產生的矸石減排及地表沉陷控制現實需要與意義，提出了采用短壁巷式膠結充填采煤技術。在研究短壁巷式膠結充填采煤技術開采原理基礎上，介紹了該技術工作面布置方式、采充工藝流程；在充填材料方面，分析了多種充填原材料礦物成分和微觀特性，并測試了不同配比條件下膠結充填材料的強度和流動特性；提出了該技術充填系統組成及整體設計思路，包括料漿制備系統、管道輸送系統、監測系統和工作面充填系統四大部分。工業實踐表明：短壁連采連充式膠結充填采煤技術在5 m厚近水平煤層中充實率可達98%以上，頂板最大下沉量為102 mm，地表最大下沉量為8.9 mm，共消耗了24.5萬噸矸石，應用效果良好。Abstract: The development and utilization of coal resources have caused serious surface collapse and destruction and ecological, environmental pollution. As the main method of green mining, backfill mining fills gangue and other wastes into the goaf to control the surface subsidence and processing coal gangue, which has broad application prospects. Aiming at the practical needs and significance of reducing gangue emission and controlling surface subsidence caused by high-intensity mining in fragile environmental areas in western China, this work proposed a short-wall continuous mining and continuous backfilling (CMCB) cemented-fill mining technology. On the basis of studying the mining principle of the short-wall CMCB cemented-fill mining technology, this work introduced layouts of this technology’s working face and mining and filling crafts according to the longwall working face and the short-wall working face, respectively, realizing the parallel operation of mining and backfilling by skip mining. The mineral composition, microscopic characteristics, and gradation characteristics of various filling materials were analyzed, and the strength and flow characteristics of the cemented filling materials under different proportions were tested on the basis of a filling material test combined with pipeline transportation characteristics and filling methods of the coal mine cemented-fill slurry. The composition and overall design ideas of the filling system of this technology were put forward, including four parts: slurry preparation system, pipeline transportation system, monitoring system, and working face filling system. The on-site test showed that the short-wall CMCB cemented-filling mining technology achieves a compression ratio of more than 98% in a 5-m thick near-level coal seam. The maximum roof subsidence is 102 mm, and the maximum surface subsidence is 8.9 mm. 245000 t of gangue were used, and a good application effect was observed.
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Key words:
- mining method /
- crafts process /
- filling material /
- filling system design /
- surface subsidence
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圖 4 粉煤灰。（a）礦物成分；（b）微觀結構；（c）粒徑分布
Figure 4. Fly ash: (a) mineral composition; (b) microstructure; (c) particle size distribution
圖 5 水泥.（a）礦物成分；（b）微觀結構；（c）粒徑分布
Figure 5. Cement: (a) mineral composition; (b) microstructure; (c) particle size distribution
圖 6 充填體齡期強度. （a）不同質量分數的水泥；（b）不同質量分數的粉煤灰；（c）不同質量分數的料漿
Figure 6. Age strength of the filling body: (a) different mass fractions of cement; (b) different mass fractions of fly ash; (c) different mass fractions of slurry
圖 7 料漿塌落度和泌水率. （a）不同質量分數的水泥;（b）不同質量分數的粉煤灰;（c）不同質量分數的料漿
Figure 7. Slump and bleeding rate: (a) different mass fractions of cement; (b) different mass fractions of fly ash; (c) different mass fractions of slurry
圖 13 井下監測.（a）煤柱與充填體受力;（b）頂板下沉量
Figure 13. Underground monitoring: (a) coal pillar and filling body pressure; (b) roof subsidence
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