質子交換膜燃料電池用膜增濕器仿真分析

李志遠; 李娜; 李慶雨; 包成; 滕越

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.30.002

質子交換膜燃料電池用膜增濕器仿真分析

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.30.002

李志遠¹,
李娜¹,
李慶雨²,
包成^2, ,,
滕越³

1.
國網綜合能源服務集團有限公司, 北京 100052
2.
北京科技大學能源與環境工程學院, 北京 100083
3.
國網安徽省電力有限公司電力科學研究院, 合肥 230601

基金項目: 國家電網有限公司總部資助項目（521205200010）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: baocheng@me.ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TK91
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-30
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-08-18
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Performance of a membrane humidifier for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

1.
State Grid Integrated Energy Service Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100052, China
2.
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd, Hefei 230601, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: baocheng@me.ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 膜增濕器為質子交換膜燃料電池水熱管理系統的關鍵部件，本研究考慮與燃料電池工作條件的強耦合，系統地進行了膜增濕器運行參數和幾何參數的敏感性仿真分析。基于Matlab/Simulink建立了膜增濕器穩態數學模型，分析了濕側和干側的入口質量流量、溫度和壓力以及膜厚度和面積對膜增濕器傳熱量、水分傳遞量、干側出口相對濕度和水分傳遞率的影響。研究表明：提高入口質量流量會提高傳熱量，并且能有效提高水分傳遞量，但會使水分傳遞率和出口相對濕度降低；干濕兩側溫度的增加可以使膜中水的擴散系數和水傳遞量增加，但過高的溫度會顯著提高水蒸氣飽和壓力，降低水的活度，進而降低膜含水量，不利于水的傳遞；壓力的變化對傳熱的影響很小，但總壓的提高會使濕側入口含濕量下降，水分傳遞量下降，但水分傳遞率升高；較大的膜面積以及較低的膜厚度能夠提高膜水分傳遞量和水分傳遞率，可以有效地提高膜增濕器和燃料電池系統水熱管理性能。
- 質子交換膜燃料電池 /
- 膜增濕器 /
- 數學模型 /
- 相對濕度 /
- 水分傳遞率
Abstract: The liquid water produced by an electrochemical reaction at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell blocks the pores in the gas diffusion layer, resulting in “water flooding.” At the same time, membrane dehydration leads to serious ohmic polarization. Discharging liquid water from the stack as soon as possible to ensure the wetting of the proton exchange membrane is a key problem. A membrane humidifier is a key component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system for water and thermal management. By considering coupling with the working conditions of a fuel cell, systematic sensitivity simulation analysis of the operating and geometric parameters of the membrane humidifier was carried out. The steady-state mathematical model of the membrane humidifier was established based on Matlab/Simulink. The influences of the inlet mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure, membrane thickness and area on heat transfer, water transfer, relative humidity, and water transfer rate of the membrane humidifier on the wet and dry sides were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: Improving the inlet mass flow rate can effectively improve the heat transfer and water transfer quantity, yet reduces the water transfer rate and the relative humidity at the drying side outlet. The increase in temperature on both dry and wet sides can improve the diffusion coefficient and transfer capacity of water in the membrane; however, high temperature significantly increases the saturation pressure of water vapor, reduce water activity, and then reduce the water content of the membrane, which is not conducive for water transfer. The change in pressure has little effect on heat transfer; however, an increase in the total pressure reduces the inlet moisture content and water transfer capacity while increasing the water transfer rate. A larger membrane area and a lower membrane thickness can improve the film moisture transfer and water transfer rates, which can effectively improve the membrane humidifier and fuel cell system hydrothermal management performance.
- proton exchange membrane fuel cell /
- membrane humidifier /
- mathematical model /
- relative humidity /
- water transfer rate

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圖 1 膜增濕器系統示意圖

Figure 1. Diagram of a membrane humidifier system

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 q和m_v,mem隨m_2,air,in變化趨勢圖

Figure 2. Variation trends of q and m_v,mem with m_2,air,in

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圖 3 φ_2,out和ε隨m_2,air,in變化趨勢圖

Figure 3. Variation trends of φ_2,out and ε with m_2,air,in

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圖 4 q和m_v,mem隨T_2,in變化趨勢圖

Figure 4. Variation trends of q and m_v,mem with T_2,in

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圖 5 φ_2,out和ε隨T_2,in變化趨勢圖

Figure 5. Variation trends of φ_2,out and ε with T_2,in

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圖 6 q和m_v,mem隨T_1,in變化趨勢圖

Figure 6. Variation trends of q and m_v,mem with T_1,in

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圖 7 φ_2,out和ε隨T_1,in變化趨勢圖

Figure 7. Variation trends of φ_2,out and ε with T_1,in

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圖 8 q和m_v,mem隨P變化趨勢圖

Figure 8. Variation trends of q and m_v,mem with P

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圖 9 φ_2,out和ε隨P變化趨勢圖

Figure 9. Variation trends of φ_2,out and ε with P

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圖 10 q和m_v,mem隨δ_m變化趨勢圖

Figure 10. Variation trends of q and m_v,mem with δ_m

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圖 11 φ_2,out和ε隨δ_m變化趨勢圖

Figure 11. Variation trends of φ_2,out and ε with δ_m

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圖 12 q和m_v,mem隨A變化趨勢圖

Figure 12. Variation trends of q and m_v,mem with A

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圖 13 φ_2,out和ε隨A變化趨勢圖

Figure 13. Variation trends of φ_2,out and ε with A

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表 1 工況參數

Table 1. Operating parameters

Parameters	Values
Inlet temperature of wet channel，T_1,in/K	353
Inlet temperature of dry channel，T_2,in/K	293
Gauge pressure of wet channel，P_1,in/MPa	0.2
Gauge pressure of dry channel，P_2,in/MPa	0.2
Mass ratio of wet channel，w(O₂):w(H₂O):w(N₂)	0.2:0.16:0.64
Mass ratio of dry channel，w(O₂):w(N₂)	0.233:0.767
Inlet mass flow rate of wet channel，m_1,in/(kg?s^–1)	0.0412
Inlet mass flow rate of dry channel，m_2,in/ (kg?s^–1)	0.0382
Membrane thickness，δ_m/m	5 × 10^?5
Membrane area，A/m²	0.1
Heat transfer coefficient，k/ (W? m^–2?K^–1)	100
Dry density of membrane，ρ_m,dry/ (kg?m^–3)	2000
Equivalent mass of membrane，M_m,dry/ (kg?mol^–1)	1.1

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