Simulation study of the protective performance of composite structure carbon fiber bulletproof board
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摘要: 針對纖維/基體間的界面脫黏決定能量吸收這一核心問題，采用一系列標準黏結力參數調整復合板界面黏合力，并通過層間黏性行為和損傷參數模擬界面分層過程。利用ABAQUS有限元軟件中的Explicit分析模塊建立陶瓷/纖維復合防彈板的高速沖擊損傷分析模型，通過分析彈丸初始速度與剩余速度，研究復合防彈板的各組分結構參數、纖維指標、鋪層設計對靶板及層合板抗侵徹行為的作用規律，并結合馮·米塞斯（Von-Mises）應力云圖和基體損傷云圖,探討復合防彈板的受力與損傷形式。最后，利用彈道沖擊實驗成功驗證了模型的準確性。實驗結果表明：由13 mm厚SiC陶瓷、5 mm厚碳纖維復合材料板和17 mm厚超高分子量聚乙烯纖維(UHMWPE)復合材料背板組成的復合防彈板可有效防御彈丸侵徹，對彈丸動能吸收和彈速衰減作用明顯。Abstract: Ceramic composite bulletproof armor is composed of hard ceramic and metal or fiber composite back plate and used as lightweight, protective armor to prevent the penetration of high-speed projectiles, such as armor-piercing projectiles. Presently, ceramic composite bulletproof armor has been a research hotspot in military protection. Alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride are commonly used as hard ceramic materials in ceramic composite bulletproof armor systems to resist projectile impact. High-performance fibers, particularly carbon and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, are combined to improve the deformation resistance of the ceramic layer. Carbon fiber is a high-quality fiber with high specific strength and specific modulus. Carbon fiber plays an important role in ensuring the protection stability of ceramic bulletproof plates. The energy absorption process and absorption mechanism of ceramic composite bulletproof armor are complex at the moment of resisting projectile penetration. The simulation of the projectile penetration under different experimental conditions has always been the focus of bulletproof armor research. To address the core problem that the interfacial debonding between fiber and matrix determines energy absorption, a series of standard adhesion parameters are adopted to adjust the interfacial adhesion force of composite plates, and the interfacial delamination process is simulated based on the interfacial adhesion behavior and damage parameters. Simultaneously, using ABAQUS/Explicit, a high-speed impact damage analysis model of the ceramic/fiber composite bulletproof plate was established. Based on the analysis of the initial and residual velocities of the projectile, we investigated the relationship between structural components of the composite bulletproof plate, fiber performance, laminated layer structures, and resistance to penetration. Combined with the von Mises stress and matrix damage nephograms, the stress and damage forms of the composite bulletproof plate were discussed. Finally, the accuracy of the model was verified through ballistic impact experiments. The experimental results showed that the bulletproof plate composed of 13 mm SiC ceramic, 5 mm carbon fiber composite, and 17 mm UHMWPE composite effectively prevented the penetration of projectile and exhibited evident effects on the absorption of the kinetic energy of the projectile and the attenuation of projectile velocity.
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圖 1 復合材料防彈板仿真模型示意圖。（a）裝配后截面圖；（b）網格劃分；（c）接觸點放大圖
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of simulation model of composite bulletproof plate: (a) assembly sectional view; (b) meshed geometry; (c) exploded view around the point of impact
圖 2 不同陶瓷厚度下彈丸彈速?時間曲線
Figure 2. Projectile velocity of ceramic with different thicknesses
圖 3 不同黏合力下基體所受拉伸損傷面積。（a）黏合力下調20%；（b）標準黏合力；（c）黏合力上調20%
Figure 3. Tensile damage to the matrix under different adhesion forces: (a) 20% decrease in adhesion; (b) standard adhesion; (c) 20% increase in adhesion
圖 5 彈丸沖擊使用不同碳纖維材料防彈板時彈丸動能隨時間變化曲線
Figure 5. Variation of the kinetic energy of bulletproof plates with different carbon fiber materials impacted by projectiles
圖 6 纖維鋪層角度。（a）纖維[0°/90°/0°/90°]鋪層；（b）纖維[45°/?45°/45°/?45°]鋪層
Figure 6. Ply angle of composite laminates: (a) [0°/90°/0°/90°]; (b) [45°/?45°/45°/?45°]
圖 7 不同纖維鋪層角度下彈丸動能隨時間變化曲線
Figure 7. Variation of the kinetic energy of composite laminates with different ply angles
圖 8 不同鋪層角度纖維板所受Von-Mises應力圖。（a）0°鋪層；（b）90°鋪層；（c）?45°鋪層；（d）45°鋪層
Figure 8. Von-Mises stress of fiberboard with different ply angles: (a) 0° ply; (b) 90° ply; (c) ?45° ply; (d) 45° ply
圖 9 不同CFRP層厚度條件下的（a）層合板內能以及（b）彈丸剩余速度隨時間變化曲線
Figure 9. Variations of the (a) internal energy of laminate and (b) projectile residual velocity of CFRP plate with different thicknesses
圖 10 不同UHMWPE層合板厚度下彈速隨時間變化曲線
Figure 10. Projectile velocity of UHMWPE laminate with different thicknesses
圖 11 裝配有不同厚度UHMWPE層合板的復合防彈板的沖擊結果。（a）UHMWPE層合板厚度為16 mm；（b）UHMWPE層合板厚度為17 mm；（c）UHMWPE層合板厚度為17 mm的模擬結果
Figure 11. Projectile velocity of UHMWPE laminate with different thicknesses: (a) UHMWPE laminate thickness is 16 mm; (b) UHMWPE laminate thickness is 17 mm; (c) simulation result of 17 mm UHMWPE laminate
ρ/(kg·m?3) G/GPa A B C M N β $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s?1 3215.0 193.0 0.960 0.350 0.0090 1.0 0.650 1.0 1.0 $ {\sigma }_{\rm{max}}^{\rm{f}} $/GPa HEL/GPa $ {p}_{HEL} $/GPa D1 D2 K1/GPa K2/GPa K3/GPa 0.1320 11.70 5.130 0.480 0.480 220.0 361.0 0 
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表 2 不同纖維增強環氧樹脂基體復合材料的彈性參數[13,19-20]
Table 2. Elastic parameters of different fiber-reinforced epoxy composites[13,19-20]
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表 3 不同纖維增強環氧樹脂基體復合材料的強度參數[13,19-20]
Table 3. Strength parameters of different fiber-reinforced epoxy composites[13, 19-20]
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Mode Normalised elastic modulus/ (GPa·mm?1) Inter-laminar strength /MPa Inter-laminar fracture toughness/ (kJ·m?2) Mode I 1373.3 493.3 493.3 Mode II 62.3 92.3 92.3 Mode III 0.28 0.79 0.79
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表 5 不同種類碳纖維性能參數
Table 5. Performance parameters of carbon fiber
Designation Tensile Strength/
MPaTensile Modulus/
GPaDensity /
(g·cm?3)Elongation/
%T700SC 4900 230 1.8 2.1 M40JB 4400 377 1.75 1.2 M60JB 3820 588 1.93 0.7
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表 6 17 mm UHMWPE層合板與仿真模擬云圖的背板背凸形變量
Table 6. Backplate convex variables of 17 mm UHMWPE laminate and simulated cloud image
Data type Laminate 1 of 17 mm UHMWPE Laminate 2 of 17 mm UHMWPE Simulation cloud image Height of convex deformation/mm 21.2 21.4 21.5
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