Effect of fiber content on the properties of ramie fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites
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摘要: 通過密煉?注塑成型工藝制備了不同苧麻纖維含量的聚乳酸基復合材料，研究了纖維含量對復合材料性能的影響規律，并揭示了纖維增強機理。研究表明，苧麻纖維的添加提高了復合材料的耐熱性能，尤其是當纖維質量分數為40%時，復合材料的熱變形溫度提高了10.5%。此外，苧麻纖維均勻地分散在基體中，由于纖維與聚乳酸的界面強度較弱，斷面上有大量的纖維拔出和纖維孔洞；差示掃描量熱儀測試表明高含量的纖維限制了聚乳酸分子鏈的運動，促進復合材料形成更加致密完善的晶核；同時，流變行為也表明苧麻纖維含量的增加有助于提高復合材料的黏彈響應和復合黏度；最后，苧麻纖維的加入提高了復合材料的拉伸和彎曲強度，且隨纖維含量的增加而增大。與聚乳酸相比，當纖維質量分數為40%時復合材料的拉伸和彎曲強度分別提高了30%和21.9%。Abstract: Natural fiber, as an alternative to synthetic fiber, is of great potential to reinforce composites that are applied in engineering fields such as automotive aerospace, automotive, sports, packaging, medical, and construction due to their renewability, environmental friendliness, high specific strength, and modulus. To realize this potential, ramie fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites with different fiber loadings were fabricated by injection molding. The heat deformation temperature, microstructure, crystallization behavior, rheological behavior, and mechanical properties of the composites were also analyzed. Results indicated that the heat resistance of the composites was improved with increased fiber loading. Particularly, the heat deformation temperature of the composites was improved by 10.5% when fiber with mass fraction of 40% was blended into the matrix. In addition, there were numerous fiber pull-outs and holes in the fractured surface due to poor interfacial adhesion between the fibers and PLA. Meanwhile, ramie fibers were uniformly distributed in the matrix when incorporating a low fiber content, but fiber agglomerations occurred in the matrix when introducing a high fiber loading (mass fraction of 40%) because of the poor wettability between the fibers and PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the high fiber loading in the composites restricted the movement of the PLA molecular chain and promoted the formation of the perfect crystal. At the same time, samples with a high content of fiber contributed to the enhancement of the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity of the composites due to the fibers’ physical joint in the matrix. Finally, the tensile and flexural strengths of the composites were improved with increased fiber loading. However, when the mass fraction of loading fiber was greater than 30%, the increase of tensile and flexural strengths of the composites was slow due to the weak wettability of the PLA matrix to the fiber. Compared to PLA, the incorporation of fiber with mass fraction of 40% increased the tensile and bending strengths of the composites by 30% and 21.9%, respectively.
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Key words:
- ramie fiber /
- mechanical properties /
- fiber strengthening /
- microstructure /
- rheological behavior
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圖 1 復合材料拉伸斷口形貌圖。（a）PLA；（b）PLA/10RF；（c）PLA/20RF；（d）PLA/30RF；（d）PLA/40RF
Figure 1. Fractured morphologies of: (a) PLA; (b) PLA/10RF; (c) PLA/20RF; (d) PLA/30RF; (e) PLA/40RF
圖 2 PLA及其復合材料的DSC曲線。（a）二次升溫；（b）一次降溫
Figure 2. DSC curves of PLA and its composites: (a) second heating; (b) first cooling
圖 3 PLA及其復合材料的流變行為。（a）儲存模量；（b）損耗模量；（c）復合黏度
Figure 3. Rheological behavior of PLA and its composites: (a) storage modulus; (b) loss modulus; (c) complex viscosity
圖 5 PLA及其復合材料力學性能。（a）應力?應變曲線；（b）拉伸性能； （c）彎曲性能； （d）沖擊強度和斷裂伸長率
Figure 5. Mechanical properties of PLA and its composites: (a) carves of stress?strain; (b) tensile properties; (c) flexural properties; (d) impact strength and elongation at break
表 1 熱變形溫度測試參數
Table 1. Test parameters of the heat deflection temperature
Onset temperature/℃ Heating rate/（℃·h?1） Applied loading/kg Flexural stress/MPa Span/mm Flexural deflection/mm 27 120 0.201 1.8 64 0.34 
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表 2 PLA及其復合材料的熱性能
Table 2. Thermal parameters of PLA and its composites
Samples Second heating First cooling Crystallinity Tm1/°C Tm2/°C ΔHm/(J·g?1) Tmc/°C χc /% PLA 169.2 176.4 46.96 108.4 50.11 PLA/10RF 168.8 175.9 37.35 109.7 44.29 PLA/20RF 170.2 177.0 29.84 107.6 39.81 PLA/30RF 170.7 178.5 26.67 105.5 40.66 PLA/40RF 170.9 178.7 23.82 104.5 42.37
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表 3 PLA及其復合材料力學性能
Table 3. Mechanical properties of PLA and its composites
Samples Tensile strength/
MPaTensile modulus/
MPaFlexural strength/
MPaFlexural modulus/
MPaImpact strength/
(kJ·m?2)Elongation/% PLA 55.89 1012.29 81.42 4172.13 3.29 14.74 PLA/10RF 60.60 1224.59 84.2 5268.17 1.83 6.27 PLA/20RF 64.64 1427.93 87.44 6219.96 1.77 5.16 PLA/30RF 70.42 1675.35 97.19 7770.96 1.73 5.03 PLA/40RF 72.62 1652.06 99.24 8235.49 1.60 4.48
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