Progress in research and applications of trenchless horizontal directional drilling equipment and technology in China
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摘要: 從非開挖水平定向鉆進（Horizontal directional drilling，HDD）裝備技術、地下生命線工程的探測與信息化、雙向對穿HDD技術、大口徑HDD技術、HDD回拖力計算模型、地表變形與冒漿6個方面開展了文獻調研工作，分析了HDD裝備與技術研究應用進展：世界上最大回拖力（20000 kN）的電驅動鉆機被設計并研發；電磁感應法被廣泛用于既有生命線的空間探測，復雜干擾下的數據解析與精度提高仍是研究重點；基于三維數據，融合建筑信息模型、人工智能、大數據等技術，借鑒美國“811”體系，局部完成了地下生命線的信息化；采用對穿技術完成了長距離的地下生命線敷設；基于過程化的HDD工藝參數、設備參數和控制監測技術被大量應用，有效提升了應用中的風險識別能力；針對不同地層條件下的回拖力計算為設備選型提供了依據，并為HDD多學科融合研究提供了途徑；復雜地質條件下的冒漿、卡鉆等熱點和難點也得到初步探索研究，構建了理論、實驗和數值分析模式，為提高HDD的應用效率和質量提供了依據。綜合國內外研究進展，進一步分析了HDD的發展趨勢。Abstract: Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology is widely used in the construction and maintenance of municipal lifeline projects, the laying of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, and directional survey of mountains. It is one of the important technologies in the trenchless engineering field. Nearly 30 a of development of China’s HDD technology has made significant progress in the research and application of equipment and technology, creating a world record. The present work presents literature research considering 6 aspects: HDD equipment technology, detection and informationization technology of underground lifeline engineering, bi-directional crossing technology, large caliber HDD technology, HDD drag force calculation model, surface deformation and mud spillover. Moreover, this work analyzed the HDD research and applications progress of equipment and technology. In terms of the HDD equipment, the world’s largest drag force (20000 kN) electric drive drilling rig has been designed and developed. Based on the material properties of underground lifeline systems, electromagnetic induction methods are widely used for geospatial detection of existing lifelines. However, data analysis and accuracy improvement under complex interference still need to be investigated. Based on three-dimensional data, integrating building information modeling with artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, and learning from the US “811” system the informatization of underground lifelines has been partially completed. Long distance underground lifeline engineering has been laid using bi-directional crossing technology. Process-based HDD process parameters, equipment parameters, and the control and monitoring technology have been widely used to effectively improve the HDD applications’ risk identification capabilities. The drag force calculation under different stratum conditions provides a basis for the equipment selection and facilitates HDD multidisciplinary research. In addition, preliminary explorations on hotspots with difficulties, such as slurry eruption under complex geological conditions, have been conducted. Theoretical, experimental, and numerical analysis models have also been constructed to provide a basis for improving the application efficiency and quality of HDD. Based on the abovementioned progress, this paper further analyzes the development trends of HDD technology.
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圖 1 世界上回拖力最大（20000 kN）HDD鉆機。（a）鉆進參數界面；（b）HDD鉆機
Figure 1. HDD drilling rig with the world’s largest drag force (20000 kN): (a) drilling parameter interface; (b) HDD rig
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