Determination method and its application of effective period for transporting oil and gas by the oil source fault of reservoir separated by caprock
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摘要: 為了準確研究含油氣盆地被蓋層分隔儲層油源斷裂在油氣成藏中的作用，在被蓋層分隔儲層油源斷裂輸導油氣機理及有效時期研究的基礎上，通過斷裂停止活動時期、斷裂開始破壞泥巖蓋層封閉能力時期和斷裂填充物開始封閉時期確定出油源斷裂輸導油氣時期，利用源巖地化特征確定出源巖排烴時期，將二者疊合建立了一套被蓋層分隔儲層油源斷裂輸導油氣有效時期的厘定方法。應用結果表明：在測線L2處F1油源斷裂向東一段儲層輸導油氣有效時期相對較長，為5.3 Ma，較有利于油氣在東一段儲層中運聚成藏（目前構造高部位尚未鉆探）；在測線L8處F1油源斷裂向東一段儲層輸導油氣有效時期相對較短，為2.4 Ma，且主要為斷裂填充物輸導油氣，不利于油氣在東一段儲層中大規模運聚成藏，和F1油源斷裂在測線L8附近東一段雖已發現油氣，但規模有限一致。該方法可有效用于厘定被蓋層分隔儲層油源斷裂輸導油氣有效時期。Abstract: In the combination of source rock and reservoir separated by the caprock of a petroliferous basin, the scale of oil and gas accumulation is controlled by the relative length of the effective period of oil and gas transported by the oil source fault. The accurate determination of the effective period of oil and gas transported by the oil source fault in the combination of source rock and reservoir separated by caprock plays an essential role in identifying the oil and gas distributions and guiding oil and gas exploration. Based on a study of the oil–gas transport mechanism and the effective period by the oil source fault of reservoir separated by caprock, a set of determination methods of the effective period for transporting oil and gas by the oil source fault of the reservoir separated by caprock was established herein by coupling the period for transporting oil and gas by the oil source fault and that when the source rocks expelled hydrocarbon. The period for transporting oil and gas by the oil source fault was determined by determining the period when the faults started to destroy the sealing capacity of the mudstone caprock, the period when the faults stopped their activity, and the period when the fault fillers began sealing. The geochemical characteristics of the source rock were used to determine the period when the source rocks expelled hydrocarbon. The application results show that at line L2, the effective period for transporting oil and gas from the F1 oil source fault to the reservoir of the 1st member of Dongying Formation (E3d1) is relatively long (i.e., time: 5.3 Ma). This is conducive to transporting the oil and gas generated by the source rocks of the 1st member of Shahejie Formation (E3s1) to the 3rd member of Dongying Formation (E3d3) through the mudstone caprock of the 2nd member of Dongying Formation (E3d2) to accumulate in the reservoir of E3d1 (the upper part of the structure has not been drilled yet). At line L8, the effective period for transporting oil and gas from the F1 oil source fault to the reservoir of E3d1 is relatively short (i.e., time: 2.4 Ma). Oil and gas are mainly transported by fault fillers, which is not conducive to transporting the oil and gas generated by the source rocks of E3s1 to the E3d1 through the mudstone caprock of E3d2 to accumulate in the reservoir of E3d1. The results are coincident with the fact that small-scale oil and gas have been found near line L8 of the F1 oil source fault in E3d1 of the Nanpu 5th structure, suggesting that the method is feasible for application in the determination of the effective period for transporting oil and gas by the oil source fault of a reservoir separated by caprock.
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圖 1 被蓋層分隔儲層油源斷裂輸導油氣時期構成示意
Figure 1. Composition of the period for transporting oil and gas by the oil source fault of the reservoir separated by caprock
圖 2 被蓋層分隔儲層油源斷裂輸導油氣有效時期厘定示意
Figure 2. Determination of the effective period for transporting oil and gas by the oil source fault of the reservoir separated by caprock
圖 3 斷裂填充物排替壓力預測示意
Figure 3. Prediction of the displacement pressure of the fault filler
圖 4 南堡5號構造F1油源斷裂與油氣分布關系.（a）平面圖；（b）剖面圖
Figure 4. Distribution of the F1 oil source fault and hydrocarbon in Nanpu 5th structure: (a) plan; (b) section views
圖 5 F1油源斷裂在不同層位生長指數分布
Figure 5. Distribution of the growth index of the F1 oil source fault in different layers
圖 6 南堡5號構造F1油源斷裂不同測線處東二段泥巖蓋層斷接厚度
Figure 6. Juxtaposition thickness of the mudstone caprock of E3d2 in the F1 oil source fault of the Nanpu 5th structure
圖 7 F1油源斷裂開始破壞東二段泥巖蓋層封閉能力時期厘定
Figure 7. Determination of the period when the F1 oil source fault started to destroy the sealing capacity of the mudstone caprock of E3d2
圖 8 在東二段泥巖蓋層內F1油源斷裂填充物開始封閉時期厘定.（a）測線L2；（b）測線L8
Figure 8. Determination of the period when the F1 oil source fault fillers began sealing in the mudstone caprock of E3d2: (a) line L2; (b) line L8
圖 9 F1油源斷裂向東一段儲層輸導油氣有效時期厘定.（a）測線L2；（b）測線L8
Figure 9. Determination of the effective period for transporting oil and gas from the F1 oil source fault to the reservoir of E3d1: (a) line L2; (b) line L8
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