冷凍鑄造A356鋁合金微觀組織分析

楊浩秦; 單忠德; 劉豐; 王怡飛

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.01.16.002

冷凍鑄造A356鋁合金微觀組織分析

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.01.16.002

楊浩秦^{1, 2, ,},
單忠德^{1, 2},
劉豐^{2, 3},
王怡飛^{2, 3}

1.
南京航空航天大學材料科學與技術學院，南京 210016
2.
先進成形技術與裝備國家重點實驗室，北京 100083
3.
中國機械科學研究總院集團有限公司，北京 100044

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2021YFB3401200）；國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2020YFF0217703）；中國機械科學研究總院集團有限公司先進成形技術與裝備國家重點實驗室開放基金資助項目（SKL2020008）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：Yang-haoqin@nuaa.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG146.22
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-16
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-04-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-06

Microstructure analysis of freeze-cast A356 aluminum alloy

YANG Hao-qin^{1, 2
, ,},
SHAN Zhong-de^{1, 2},
LIU Feng^{2, 3},
WANG Yi-fei^{2, 3}

1.
College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment, Beijing 100083, China
3.
China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd, Beijing 100044, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: Yang-haoqin@nuaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 基于數字化無模冷凍鑄造精密成形技術實現了冷凍砂型的快速成形，對其澆注A356高溫鋁合金獲得冷凍鑄造平板試件。采用電子探針顯微分析技術對冷凍鑄造和樹脂砂型鑄造鑄件微量元素的分布進行了表征，同時對冷凍鑄造和樹脂砂型鑄造鑄件斷裂形貌進行了分析。結果表明，冷凍鑄造Si元素在鋁基體相中的溶解度較樹脂砂型鑄造顯著提高，冷凍鑄造較樹脂砂型鑄造試件中Mg元素分布均勻，樹脂砂型鑄造試件中出現較多的Mg元素成分偏析區；冷凍鑄造試件斷裂方式為韌性和脆性的混合斷裂模式，樹脂砂型鑄造試件的斷裂形貌為解理臺階破壞形貌和長方狀的撕裂結構形貌，合金偏向于脆性斷裂。
- 冷凍鑄造 /
- 無模成形 /
- 綠色鑄造 /
- 成分分布 /
- 斷口形貌
Abstract: In combination with the digital and green development needs of the foundry industry, this article proposes a digital patternless freezing casting method. In this method, mixed water green sand particles are frozen and transformed to a certain strength in a low-temperature environment, which are then directly cut through a sand mold CAD three-dimensional model. Pouring to obtain castings with dimensional accuracy that meets the requirements, this is a new technology, new process, and new method in the field of casting. With the fast development of the rapid and sub-rapid solidification technology of metals, the nonequilibrium solidification theory of liquid–solid transformation during the preparation of metals and alloy materials has been developed by leaps and bounds. Using some special nonequilibrium solidification techniques to prepare metal parts, and to make metal parts with a special structure that traditional casting does not have, can improve the materials’ properties and structures. The nonequilibrium solidification mechanism based on the freezing casting technology is not yet clear. Based on the nonequilibrium solidification process of the freezing casting principle, a higher cooling rate will considerably affect the heat transfer and mass transfer behavior of casting during solidification, which will then considerably affect the alloy micro component distribution and fracture morphology, ultimately affecting the service performance of the alloy material. Based on the digital precision forming technology of patternless frozen casting, this paper realized the rapid forming of the frozen sand mold. Frozen casting flat castings were obtained by pouring the A356 high-temperature aluminum alloy. The distribution of trace elements in frozen and resin sand castings was characterized by electron probe microanalysis, and the fracture morphology of frozen and resin sand castings was analyzed. Results show that the solubility of the Si element in the aluminum matrix phase of freeze casting is significantly higher than that of resin sand casting. In addition, the distribution of the Mg element in freeze casting is more uniform than that in resin sand casting, and there are more segregation areas of the Mg element composition in resin sand casting specimens. The fracture morphology of freeze-cast specimens is a mixed fracture mode of toughness and brittleness. Meanwhile, the fracture morphology of resin sand casting specimens has a cleavage step failure morphology and rectangular tear structure morphology, and the alloy tends to exhibit a brittle fracture.
- freezen casting /
- patternless forming /
- green casting /
- composition distribution /
- fracture morphology

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圖 1 冷凍砂型數字化無模切削過程

Figure 1. Digital patternless cutting process of the frozen sand mold

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 A356鋁合金冷凍鑄造薄板件

Figure 2. The frozen casting sheet parts of A356 aluminum alloy

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圖 3 不同精煉除氣溫度對鋁合金中氣孔密度的影響規律. (a)未精煉處理；（b）750 ℃精煉處理；（c）720 ℃精煉處理；（d）690 ℃精煉處理

Figure 3. Effect of different refining degassing temperatures on the porosity density in the aluminum alloy: (a) unrefined treatment; (b) 750 ℃ refining treatment; (c) 720 ℃ refining treatment; (d) 690 ℃ refining treatment

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圖 4 冷凍鑄造和樹脂砂型鑄造的A356鋁合金溫度冷卻曲線

Figure 4. Temperature cooling curves of the A356 aluminum alloy by frozen and resin sand castings

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圖 5 冷凍砂型和樹脂砂型鑄造試件微觀成分面掃結果.（a）冷凍鑄造Si元素面掃分布；（b）樹脂砂型鑄造Si元素面掃分布；（c）冷凍砂型鑄造Mg元素面掃分布；（d）樹脂砂型鑄造Mg元素面掃分布

Figure 5. Micro-composition surface scanning results of frozen sand and resin sand casting specimens: Si element surface scanning distribution of (a) frozen casting and (b) resin sand casting; Mg element surface scanning distribution of (c) frozen sand casting and (d) resin sand casting

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圖 6 冷凍砂型和樹脂砂型鑄造鋁合金抗拉強度

Figure 6. Tensile strength of the aluminum alloy cast in the frozen sand mold and resin sand mold

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圖 7 冷凍鑄造和樹脂砂型鑄造A356鋁合金斷口形貌.（a）冷凍鑄造試件拉伸斷口，低倍；（b）冷凍鑄造試件拉伸斷口，高倍；（c）樹脂砂型鑄造試件拉伸斷口，低倍；（d）樹脂砂型鑄造試件拉伸斷口，高倍

Figure 7. Fracture morphology of the A356 aluminum alloy cast by the frozen and resin sand mold: the tensile fracture of frozen casting specimen with low magnification (a) and high magnification (b); the fracture of resin sand specimen with low magnification (c) and high magnification (d)

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表 1 A356鋁合金主要化學成分（質量分數）

Table 1. Chemical composition of the A356 aluminum alloy (Mass fraction) %

Si Mg Ti Fe Cu Zn Al

7.24 0.324 0.192 0.154 0.007 0.012 92.071

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