Tribological properties of the SLM-316L filament under the grease lubrication condition
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摘要: 為研究金屬橡膠用選擇性激光熔融(SLM)技術制備的316L不銹鋼細絲在脂潤滑條件下的摩擦磨損性能，探討了不同載荷、不同摩擦速度以及載荷(F)和摩擦速度(v)共同作用的Fv因子對SLM-316L細絲摩擦系數和磨損率的影響規律，利用掃描電鏡觀察細絲磨損表面形貌，利用能譜儀（EDS）檢測磨損表面元素種類與原子分數，分析其磨損機制。結果表明：在脂潤滑條件下，摩擦系數隨著載荷的增大而減小，磨損率隨載荷的增大呈先降后升的趨勢。摩擦系數和磨損率均隨摩擦速度的增大呈先升后降趨勢。低載荷下SLM-316L細絲磨損機制主要為磨粒磨損和輕微的氧化磨損，較高載荷下氧化磨損加劇并伴隨疲勞磨損。低摩擦速度下SLM-316L細絲磨損機制主要為疲勞磨損和氧化磨損，較高摩擦速度下氧化磨損減弱，以磨粒磨損為主。摩擦系數隨Fv值的增大而減小，磨損率隨Fv值的增大呈先升后降再升的變化趨勢。因此用SLM-316L細絲制備的金屬橡膠在脂潤滑條件下最佳工作參數：Fv等于0.04 N?m?s?1，即載荷10 N、摩擦速度240 mm?min?1。Abstract: To study the friction and wear properties of 316L stainless steel filaments prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) for metal rubber under the condition of grease lubrication, the friction coefficient and wear rate of SLM-316L filaments under different loads, different friction velocities, and Fv factors of the combined effect with load (F) and friction velocity (v) were discussed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of filaments after wear, and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was used to detect the element types and atomic percentages of the worn surface. Based on these two methods, the wear mechanism was analyzed. Results show that under the grease lubrication condition and with increased load, the friction coefficient decreases, whereas the wear rate initially decreases and then increases. With increased friction velocity, both the friction coefficient and wear rate tend to initially increase and then decrease. The wear mechanism of SLM-316L filaments under the low load condition is mainly abrasive wear and slight oxidative wear. At a high load, oxidative wear is aggravated and accompanied by fatigue wear. The wear mechanism of SLM-316L filaments at low friction velocities is mainly fatigue wear and oxidative wear. At high friction velocities, oxidative wear weakens, and abrasive wear becomes dominant. With an increased Fv value, the friction coefficient decreases and wear rate tends to initially rise, which then decreases and finally rises again. Therefore, the best working parameter of the metal rubber prepared using SLM-316L filaments under grease lubrication conditions is Fv=0.04 N?m?s?1, which means that the load is equal to 10 N and the friction velocity is 240 mm?min?1.
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圖 1 摩擦磨損試驗機及接觸示意圖
Figure 1. Friction and wear testing machine and schematic of contact
圖 3 不同載荷下的摩擦參數圖。（a）摩擦系數；（b）磨損深度；（c）摩擦系數的穩定值和磨損率
Figure 3. Friction parameters for different loads: (a) frictional coefficient; (b) wear depth; (c) stable value of the friction coefficient and wear rate
圖 4 不同載荷下磨損表面的掃描電鏡圖及能譜圖。（a）5 N；（b）10 N；（c）15 N
Figure 4. SEM and EDS spectra of the wear surface under different loads: (a) 5 N; (b) 10 N; (c) 15 N
圖 5 不同速度下的摩擦參數圖。（a）摩擦系數；（b）磨損深度
Figure 5. Friction parameters for different velocities: (a) friction coefficient; (b) wear depth
圖 6 不同速度下摩擦系數穩定值和磨損率柱狀圖
Figure 6. Histogram of the stable value of the friction coefficient and wear rate at different velocities
圖 7 不同速度下的磨損表面的掃描電鏡圖及能譜圖。（a）120 mm?min?1；（b）180 mm?min?1；（c）240 mm?min?1；（d）300 mm?min?1
Figure 7. SEM and EDS spectra of the wear surface under different velocities: (a) 120 mm?min?1; (b) 180 mm?min?1; (c) 240 mm?min?1; (d) 300 mm?min?1
圖 8 不同Fv下摩擦系數穩定值和磨損率變化趨勢圖
Figure 8. Stable value of the friction coefficient and wear rate at different Fv values
表 1 SLM工藝參數
Table 1. Process parameters of selective laser melting (SLM)
Laser power/
WScanning
velocity/
(mm?s?1)Hatch space/
mmEnergy
density/
(J?mm?3)Form angle/
(°)100 700 0.080 90 30 
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表 2 不同試驗條件下Fv值
Table 2. Fv value under different conditions
Program Load, F/N Velocity, v/(mm?min?1) Fv/(N?m?s?1) 1# 5 240 0.02 2# 10 240 0.04 3# 15 240 0.06 4# 10 120 0.02 5# 10 180 0.03 6# 10 300 0.05
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