Stress?magnetization of the state of flange damage to a bridge steel box beam based on magnetic memory detection
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摘要: 金屬磁記憶檢測技術由于其能夠快速便捷的對鐵磁性構件的損傷進行識別，且被認為具有識別隱性損傷的能力，而被廣泛研究。為推進金屬磁記憶檢測技術在橋鋼箱梁損傷檢測方面的應用，對橋鋼箱梁進行了靜力受彎試驗，提取其變形最嚴重的上翼緣磁信號分布，建立了損傷區域力與磁信號和磁信號梯度的關系曲線，并提出用磁場梯度指數來表征鋼梁的受力和損傷狀態。結果表明：上翼緣磁信號曲線與應力變化形態正好相反，磁信號曲線在進入塑性后發生反轉變為負值，且隨應力變化的速度增快，可以判斷構件進入塑性狀態，即將發生損傷；磁場梯度曲線在損傷最嚴重的區域出現最大值，且隨著荷載的增大，磁梯度最大值點不斷向鋼梁中間移動，由此可以進行破壞狀態的預警；磁場梯度與應力關系曲線可將構件整個受力過程明顯的區分為初始、屈服、塑性、損傷4個狀態；可以用磁場梯度指數來進行構件受力狀態與損傷狀態的表征。該研究可為金屬磁記憶檢測技術在橋鋼箱梁損傷狀態的定量評估和預警方面的應用提供依據和參考。Abstract: Metal magnetic memory detection technology has been widely studied because it can identify damage to ferromagnetic components quickly and conveniently, and it is considered to have the ability to identify hidden damage. To promote the application of metal magnetic memory technology in the damage detection of a bridge steel box beam, a static bending test on the steel box beam of the bridge was performed, and the magnetic signal distribution of the upper flange with the most severe deformation was extracted. The quantitative relationship between the stress in the damaged region and magnetic signal or magnetic signal gradient was established, and an approach for characterizing the stress and damage state of the steel beam was proposed using the magnetic field gradient index. The results show that the magnetic signal curve of the upper flange is opposite to that of the stress change form, and the magnetic signal curve reverses to a negative value after entering the plastic state and increases with the stress change speed, so the component can be judged to enter the plastic state and soon be damaged. The maximum value of the magnetic field gradient curve appears in the position with the most severe damage, and with the increase in the load, the maximum value point of the magnetic gradient constantly moves to the middle of the steel beam; thus the early warning of the failure state can be conducted. The relationship curve between the magnetic field gradient and stress can obviously distinguish the entire stress process of the component, which includes four states: initial, yield, plasticity, and damage. The stress state and damage state of components can be characterized using the magnetic field gradient index. This study can provide a reference and basis for the application of metal magnetic memory detection technology in the quantitative assessment and early warning of the damage status of bridge steel box beams.
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圖 8 鋼梁上翼緣初始磁信號變化曲線。（a）1800 mm鋼梁；（b）1500 mm鋼梁
Figure 8. Curves of the initial magnetic signal of the upper flange of a steel beams: (a) 1800 mm steel beam; (b) 1500 mm steel beam
圖 9 1800 mm鋼梁上翼緣加載中磁信號變化曲線。（a）彈性階段；（b）塑性階段
Figure 9. Magnetic signal change curves during flange loading of the 1800 mm steel beam: (a) elastic stage; (b) plastic stage
圖 10 1500 mm鋼梁上翼緣加載中磁信號變化曲線。（a）彈性階段；（b）塑性階段
Figure 10. Magnetic signal change curve during flange loading of the 1500 mm steel beam: (a) elastic stage; (b) plastic stage
圖 11 1800 mm鋼梁上翼緣磁信號梯度變化曲線。（a）彈性階段；（b）塑性階段
Figure 11. Magnetic signal gradient curves of the upper flange of the 1800 mm steel beam: (a) elastic stage; (b) plastic stage
圖 12 1500 mm鋼梁上翼緣磁信號梯度變化曲線。（a）彈性階段；（b）塑性階段
Figure 12. Magnetic signal gradient curves of the upper flange of the 1500 mm steel beam: (a) elastic stage; (b) plastic stage
圖 14 有限元計算和試驗的荷載位移曲線
Figure 14. Finite element calculation and test load displacement curves
圖 15 極限狀態鋼梁應力云圖。（a）正應力云圖；（b）切應力云圖
Figure 15. Stress nephogram of a steel beam in the ultimate state: (a) nephogram of normal stress; (b) nephogram of shear stress
圖 17 有限元計算的1800 mm梁上翼緣應力分布
Figure 17. Stress distribution on the upper flange of the 1800 mm beam calculated using the finite element method
圖 18 鋼梁純彎段力磁分布曲線。（a）1800 mm鋼梁；（b）1500 mm鋼梁
Figure 18. Magnetic distribution curve of force in the pure bending section of a steel beam: (a) 1800 mm steel beam; (b) 1500 mm steel beam
圖 19 鋼梁純彎段應力與磁信號關系曲線。（a）1800 mm鋼梁；（b）1500 mm鋼梁
Figure 19. Relationship curves of the stress and magnetic signal in the pure bending section of a steel beam: (a) 1800 mm steel beam; (b) 1500 mm steel beam
圖 20 鋼梁翼緣力與磁信號梯度峰值曲線。（a）1800 mm鋼梁；（b）1500 mm鋼梁
Figure 20. Peak gradient curves of the steel beam flange force and magnetic signal: (a) 1800 mm steel beam; (b) 1500 mm steel beam
圖 21 力與磁場梯度指數關系曲線。（a）1800 mm鋼梁；（b）1500 mm鋼梁
Figure 21. Exponential relationship curves between the force and magnetic field gradient: (a) 1800 mm steel beam; (b) 1500 mm steel beam
表 1 Q345qC 鋼材化學成分（質量分數）
Table 1. Q345qC steel chemical composition
% C Si Mn S P 0.15 0.38 1.6 $ \leqslant $0.035 $ \leqslant $0.035 
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表 2 Q345qC鋼材的力學參數
Table 2. Mechanical parameters of Q345qC steel
Elasticity modulus/GPa Yield strength/
MPaStrength of extension/MPa Elongation/
%201 $ \geqslant $345 510 $ \geqslant $21
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