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摘要: 首先介紹了高熵合金的理論基礎。然后從不同的熱噴涂工藝出發，綜述了等離子噴涂、超音速火焰噴涂、高速電弧噴涂、冷噴涂四種技術在制備高熵合金涂層上的研究發展現狀，重點從原料選用、制備工藝優化、性能研究、后處理工藝等方面對以上四種熱噴涂技術制備高熵合金涂層的研究進行系統地歸納與總結。最后提出現有制備高熵合金涂層的熱噴涂技術較少、熱噴涂材料受限、高熵合金設計盲目這三個問題，針對性地提出了在優化已有技術的基礎上開發新技術；開發高熵陶瓷、高熵非晶合金、高熵復合材料等新型熱噴涂材料；沿用材料基因組理念建立高熵合金數據庫這三點熱噴涂制備高熵合金涂層在未來的發展趨勢。Abstract: In the 1990s, Ye, a scholar from China, broke the routine with a creative idea of the concept of high entropy alloys (HEAs). Since then, new alloys, which breached the traditional concept of “primary component”, have caught great attention of scientists at home and abroad. Due to their excellent properties such as high hardness, strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal resistance, and irradiation resistance, HEAs have been considered as a new generation of thermal spray materials with immense potential for industrial applications. Previous studies show similar or even better properties of HEA coatings compared to those of the HEA block. The preparation of the coatings has become the key point since then. Spraying is one of the common methods on preparing HEA coatings, including conventional methods such as plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, high-velocity arc spraying, and cold spraying. With their own advantages and disadvantages, appropriate spraying methods and parameters should be selected according to different matrix and spraying materials, which will be discussed in this paper. First, the theoretical basis of the HEAs were introduced. Next, starting from different thermal spraying processes, the research and development status of plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, high-velocity arc spraying, and cold spraying on the preparation of HEA coatings were reviewed. Raw material selection, preparation process optimization, performance research, coating post-treatment, and other aspects of the above four thermal spraying techniques to prepare HEA coatings were systematically summarized. Finally, the three problems of limited existing thermal spraying techniques for preparing HEA coatings, limited thermal spraying materials, and aimless design of HEA coatings were proposed. Moreover, three future development issues of new thermal spraying techniques and optimization of existing techniques were discussed along with the development of high entropy ceramics, high entropy amorphous alloys, high entropy composite materials, and other new thermal spray materials. Finally, an HEA database was established to prepare HEA coatings using the concept of material genome to solve the three problems.
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圖 4 涂層X射線衍射圖譜[35]。（a）噴涂后涂層；（b）后處理后涂層
Figure 4. XRD patterns of the coatings: (a) as-sprayed coating; (b) postprocessing coating
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