釩資源現狀及有機磷類萃取劑萃釩的研究進展

彭科波; 高利坤; 饒兵; 龔志輝; 沈海榕; 高廣言; 何飛; 張明

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.29.004

釩資源現狀及有機磷類萃取劑萃釩的研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.29.004

昆明理工大學國土資源工程學院，昆明 650093

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金地區科學基金資助項目（51764023）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: 20030032@kust.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TF111
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-25

Current status of vanadium resources and research progress on vanadium extraction with organic phosphorus extractants

Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: 20030032@kust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 介紹了全球的釩資源的主要分布、儲量情況及其市場供需與應用狀況。從中心結構、有效基團與空間效應、離子交換協同萃取三個方面綜述了機磷(膦)類萃取劑的萃釩機理及其近年來萃釩的新型磷(膦)類萃取劑的研發與應用進展，指出了新型磷(膦)類型萃取劑的研發、新工藝的應用以及協同萃取是目前磷(膦)類萃取劑萃釩的主要研究方向。分析了酸性磷(膦)類萃取劑萃釩、中性磷類萃取劑萃釩和其他新型磷(膦)類萃取劑萃釩的不同萃取體系的萃釩機制。分析認為有機相的損失，萃取和反萃釩的步驟，萃取和分離時間較長，出現乳化現象等是當前萃取釩體系普遍存在的難點。因此需要不斷開發新型高效萃取劑，發展清潔綠色萃取技術，在原萃取劑的基礎上利用協同效應，探索新的萃取劑組合方式，更好地推進中國釩工業的發展。
- 釩資源 /
- 有機磷(膦)類萃取劑 /
- 萃取 /
- 供需 /
- 濕法冶金 /
- 協同萃取
Abstract: Vanadium is an important additive that is used widely in modern industries, as well as an important strategic metal. Vanadium metal elements, compounds, and alloy materials have unique and valuable properties, which have enabled great advances in the world’s industries, particularly in steel, chemical, medical, petroleum, nonferrous metals, energy, construction, environmental protection, and nuclear. China not only has one of the world’s largest vanadium resources but is also the largest producer and consumer of vanadium, occupying an important position in the international market. Vanadium is a rare and precious metal and is prodigiously dispersed in the earth’s crust. There are only a few independent vanadium minerals. China’s vanadium resources are mainly found as vanadium–titanium magnetite and stone coal. In recent years, the extraction of vanadium from stone coal has become an important project in the development of vanadium resources in China. This article introduced the main reserves and distribution channels of global vanadium resources and their market supply, demand, and application status. The focus is on the central structure of organophosphorus extractants, effective groups and steric effects, and the mechanism of synergistic extraction of vanadium via ion exchange, as well as the development and application of new phosphorus extractants for vanadium extraction. Research and development of phosphorus-based extractants, application of new processes, and collaborative extraction are currently the main research directions of phosphorus-based extractants for vanadium extraction. This article analyzed vanadium extraction mechanisms of different extraction systems using acidic phosphorus extractants, neutral phosphorus extractants, and other new phosphorus extractants. The analysis shows that the loss of the organic phase, steps of extraction and stripping of vanadium, extensive extraction and separation times, and occurrence of emulsification are common difficulties currently associated with the extraction of vanadium. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously develop new and efficient extractants, develop clean and green extraction technologies, use synergistic effects based on the original extractants, explore new combinations of extractants, and better promote the development of China’s vanadium industry.
- vanadium resources /
- organic phosphorus (phosphine) extractant /
- extraction /
- supply and demand /
- hydrometallurgy /
- synergism

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圖 1 中性萃取劑（a）與萃取電子軌道（b）

Figure 1. Neutral extractant (a) and extraction electron orbit (b)

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圖 2 中性磷類萃取劑萃取釩的模型

Figure 2. Model of neutral phosphorus extractant involved in the extraction of vanadium

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表 1 2019年國外釩礦儲量(萬t)

Table 1. Foreign vanadium ore reserves in 2019 million tons

Russia	Australia	South Africa	United States	Brazil
500	400	350	4.5	1.2

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表 2 中國主要釩礦資源、產業及產品分布

Table 2. Distribution of resources, industries, and products of major vanadiummines in China

Province	Major producing areas of vanadium	The main products of vanadium
Siehuan	Panzhihua, Xichang, Leshan, Neijiang	Vanadium oxide, Vanadium iron, Vanadium nitride, Vanadium aluminum, Vanadium slag
Shaanxi	Shanyang, Ankang	Stone coal vanadium, Vanadium nitride,Vanadium oxide, Barium aluminum
Hunan	Xiangxi, Huaihua	Stone coal vanadium, Vanadium nitride, Vanadium oxide
Hubei	Yunxi, Chongyang	Stone coal vanadium, Vanadium nitride, Vanadium oxide
Henan	Xichuan	Stone coal vanadium, Vanadium nitride, Vanadium oxide
Hebei	Chengde	Vanadium nitride, Vanadium oxide, Vanadium iron
Liaoning	Jinzhou, Huludao, Dalian	Vanadium oxide, Vanadium iron, Vanadiumaluminum, Vanadium nitrogen, Vanadium batteries, Electrolytes
Heilongjiang	Shuangyashan	Vanadium slag

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