Catastrophic temperature of oxidation-spontaneous-combustion for bituminous coal under uniaxial stress
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摘要: 為探究不同埋藏深度裂隙煤體氧化?自燃過程在單軸應力作用下的影響規律，本文通過荷載加壓煤自燃特性實驗平臺，采用新疆硫磺溝礦區煙煤煤樣，開展了施加單軸應力在0～8 MPa下的貧氧環境程序升溫試驗。根據加壓試驗中煙煤產生氣體隨溫度的變化關系，計算了煙煤在單軸應力下升溫過程表觀活化能和耗氧速率。結合煤自燃氧化動力學和熱解參數，闡述了單軸應力下煤體由緩慢氧化到快速氧化的非線性發展過程，并基于突變理論解算出試驗條件下煙煤氧化?燃燒過程的突變溫度和臨界溫度，確定出4個特征參數：突變溫度
$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ （CO表征）和$ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}} $ （耗氧速率表征），臨界溫度$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}^{'} $ （CO表征）和$ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}}^{'} $ （耗氧速率表征），并分析了不同特征參數隨單軸應力的變化規律。結果表明：熱解氣體濃度、表觀活化能和耗氧速率隨單軸應力增大呈先增大后減小再增大的三次函數規律（其中1.8和5.5 MPa時為臨界軸壓），1.8 MPa時表觀活化能和各項特征參數數值最低，煤氧反應速率最快，耗氧速率最高；單軸應力為5.5 MPa時耗氧速率最大，煤體新生裂隙最多；單軸應力對$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ 特征參數影響最大，煤自燃緩慢過渡到快速氧化的溫度指標，由CO濃度表征的突變溫度$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ 表征最為準確。該研究結果對于礦井不同埋深煤自燃預警和防控具有重要理論指導意義。Abstract: To explore the influence of the oxidation and spontaneous combustion process of fractured coal at different burial depths under uniaxial stress, the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal under loading was studied within the testing device of coal spontaneous combustion and loading. Bituminous coal from the Liuhuanggou mining area in Xinjiang was selected and oxidized in the oxygen-lean environment loaded at the range of 0–8 MPa. Based on the relationship between the gas generated in the experiment and the temperature, we calculated the apparent activation energy and oxygen consumption rate of coal samples under uniaxial stress. We combined the oxidation kinetics and pyrolysis parameters of spontaneous coal combustion to describe the nonlinear development of coal from slow to rapid oxidation under uniaxial stress. Based on catastrophe theory, the catastrophic temperature and critical temperature of bituminous coal oxidation-combustion process under test conditions were calculated, and four characteristic parameters were determined: catastrophic temperature$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ (characterization of CO) and$ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}} $ (characterization of oxygen consumption rate), and critical temperature$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}^{'} $ (characterization of CO) and$ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}}^{'} $ (characterization of oxygen consumption rate), and analyzed the variation of different characteristic parameters with uniaxial stress. The analysis results show that the pyrolysis gas concentration, apparent activation energy, and oxygen consumption rate follow a cubic function law that first increases, then decreases, and then increases with increases in the uniaxial stress (the critical axial pressures at 1.8 and 5.5 MPa). At 1.8 MPa, the apparent activation energy and various parameter values are lowest, the oxygen reaction rate of coal is fastest, and the oxygen consumption rate is the highest. When the uniaxial stress is 5.5 MPa, the oxygen consumption rate is the highest, the greatest number of new cracks is created, and the characteristic$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ parameters have the greatest impact. The temperature index of spontaneous coal combustion slowly transitions to rapid oxidation, and the catastrophic temperature$ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ characterized by the CO concentration is the most accurate. The research results have important theoretical guiding significance for the early warning and prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal at different buried depths. -
圖 1 程序升溫CO體積分數隨溫度關系變化曲線
Figure 1. Changes in CO volume fraction with increases in temperature in temperature-programmed experiments
圖 2 程序升溫C2H4濃度隨溫度關系變化曲線
Figure 2. Changes in C2H4 volume fraction with increases in temperature in temperature-programmed experiments
圖 3 煤樣在不同應力下的表觀活化能
Figure 3. Apparent activation energy of coal samples under different levels of stress
圖 5 煤自燃進程突變模型示意圖
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the catastrophe model for coal combustion process
圖 6 軸壓4 MPa時ln
$ {k}_{1}$ （a）和ln$ {k}_{2}$ （b）與（?1/T）關系圖Figure 6. Diagram of relationship of ln
$ {k}_{1} $ (a) and ln$ {k}_{2} $ (b) with (?1/T) under axial pressure of 4 MPa
圖 7 突變溫度（a）和臨界溫度（b）隨單軸應力的變化
Figure 7. Changes in catastrophic temperature (a) and critical temperature (b) with uniaxial stress
表 1 實驗煤樣的工業分析與元素分析（質量分數）
Table 1. Proximate and ultimate analyses for the experimental coal
% Proximate analysis Ultimate analysis Mad Aad Vdaf FCad Cdaf Hdaf Ndaf 6.43 15.71 41.51 36.35 70.86 5.44 0.69 
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表 2 不同單軸應力下煤的孔隙率
Table 2. Porosity of coal under different levels of uniaxial stress
0 MPa 2 MPa 4 MPa 6 MPa 8 MPa 0.476 0.447 0.400 0.392 0.350
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表 3 不同單軸應力下的突變溫度
Table 3. Catastrophic temperature under different levels of uniaxial stress
Uniaxial stresses /MPa TCO/℃ THY/℃ 0 83.3 99.1 2 92.1 121.0 4 90.0 117.3 6 85.1 92.0 8 131.1 137.0
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表 4 不同單軸應力下煤樣臨界溫度
Table 4. Critical temperature of coal sample under different levels of uniaxial stresses
Uniaxial stresses /MPa $ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}^{'} $/℃ $ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}}^{'} $/℃ 0 70.0 60.0 2 90.0 70.0 4 80.0 70.0 6 70.0 60.0 8 128.2 128.2
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表 5 單軸應力與特征參數的灰色關聯度
Table 5. Grey relational grades of characteristic and axial compression parameters
Uniaxial stresses /MPa $ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ $ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}} $ $ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}^{'} $ $ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}}^{'} $ Average value 2 0.86 0.67 0.77 0.54 0.71 4 0.81 0.84 0.83 0.59 0.77 6 0.77 0.60 0.66 0.52 0.64 8 0.95 0.89 0.79 0.62 0.82
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