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摘要: 為了冶煉不同氧含量的碳素船體鋼，通過機械性能試驗和周浸試驗研究了鋼中氧含量對鋼材腐蝕性能和機械性能的影響。結果表明，在連鑄生產許可的氧范圍內，隨著鋼水脫氧程度的減弱，鋼中氧質量分數增加，鋼材的平均腐蝕率略有下降，而耐點蝕性能有較明顯增強，變化曲線的高氧端比低氧端平均點蝕深度下降約22.7%。弱脫氧鋼的機械性能符合規范要求，可達到D級鋼水平。分析認為，氧提高鋼材耐蝕性的原因主要是固溶氧可提高鐵的熱力學穩定性，提高了蝕孔內鐵的腐蝕電位，降低了蝕坑擴展速度。氧作為耐蝕元素應用可以顯著降低耐蝕鋼的成本，提高經濟性。Abstract: Carbon steels are widely used structural materials in vessel and marine engineering. Many studies acknowledge that the pitting corrosion of these materials are heavily subject to their metallurgic factors. Although much attention has been paid on inclusions and microstructure, little had been dealt with metallurgical processing including deoxidizing degrees. Deoxidization is one of the most important processes in steelmaking. Stronger deoxidizing degree helps to improve steel’s mechanical property and welding property. However, some studies demonstrated that weaker deoxidizing degree tends to improve pitting corrosion resistance. Manufacturing ordinary structural steels nowadays have been changed from mould casting to continuous casting. However, the deoxidizing degree of continuous casting steel may be different due to different deoxidization techniques. Particularly, the oxygen content in current steels has a fairly low level, which may be harmful to pitting corrosion resistance of steels. In this study, the influence of oxygen content in carbon hull steels on corrosion and mechanical properties of steel was investigated by mechanical properties tests and alternate immersion test. Results show increased oxygen content when there is duction of deoxidization of molten steel in the range permitted by continuous casting. Interestingly, the average corrosion rate of steel slightly decreases and an obvious enhancement of resistance to pitting is observed. The average pit depth corresponding to the high oxygen side of the pit depth-oxygen curve is about 22.7% lower than that of the low oxygen side. The mechanical and cold bending properties of tested steels are able to meet technical code requirements and can reach the level of Grade D hull steel. Findings of this study suggest that solid solution oxygen in steel plays a major role in improving pitting resistance. It can enhance the thermodynamic stability of iron, elevate the corrosion potential of the iron in the pit, and reduce the pitting rate. Therefore, using oxygen as a corrosion resistant element is an economic strategy to reduce the cost of corrosion resistant steel.
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Key words:
- deoxidization /
- pitting /
- corrosion resistant steel /
- solid solution oxygen /
- thermodynamic stability
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圖 1 第一輪試驗中鋼的腐蝕與氧含量的關系。（a）平均腐蝕率；（b）平均點蝕深度；（c）最大點蝕深度
Figure 1. Relationship between corrosion and mass fraction of oxygen in the first test: (a) average corrosion rate; (b) average pit depth; (c) maximum pit depth
圖 2 第二輪試驗中鋼的腐蝕與氧質量分數的關系。（a）平均腐蝕率；（b）平均點蝕深度；（c）最大點蝕深度
Figure 2. Relationship between corrosion and mass fraction of oxygen in the second test: (a) average corrosion rate; (b) average pit depth; (c) maximum pit depth
圖 3 樣品30 d腐蝕試驗后的表面觀察和比較。（a）2-6鋼樣；（b）2-17鋼樣
Figure 3. Surface observation and comparison of specimens after the 30 d corrosion test: (a) 2-6 steel specimen; (b) 2-17 steel specimen
表 1 試驗用鋼的化學成分(質量分數)
Table 1. Component of experimental steels (mass fraction)
% Test steels C Si Mn P S O CCS(B) ≤0.21 ≤0.50 ≥0.60 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 1-1–1-5 0.069–0.204 0.18–0.28 0.66–0.75 0.013–0.032 0.008–0.019 0.0015–0.0061 2-1–2-19 0.061–0.151 0.01–0.30 0.66–1.12 0.011–0.031 0.0048–0.018 0.0022–0.0062 
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表 2 試驗用鋼的機械性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of experimental steels
Test steels Tensile strength/MPa Yield strength/MPa Elongation/% Transverse impact energy/J Lengthways impact energy/J 0 ℃ ?20 ℃ 0 ℃ ?20 ℃ CCS ≥ 235 400–520 ≥22 ≥18/22.5* ≥13.3/16.7** 1-1–1-5 280–435 405–550 21–34.5 50–81 40–78 22–39 25–39 2-1–2-19 290–385 410–460 25–39 59–199 33–195 33–99 20–80 Note: * represents transverse impact for steels with 5 mm/7 mm thickness; ** represents lengthways impact for steels with 5 mm/7 mm thickness.
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表 3 試驗鋼的非金屬夾雜物評級
Table 3. Determination of the content of nonmetallic inclusions in test steels
Test steels A B C D Fine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Coarse 1-1 3.5 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1-2 1 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1-3 0.5 0 1.5 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 1-4 1.5 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1-5 3–3.5 0 0 0 1.5 0 0.5 0
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