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摘要: 雙相不銹鋼2101生產成本低，性能優異，近年來被逐漸重視。采用“電爐+AOD+模鑄”的工藝生產2101雙相不銹鋼，在AOD精煉過程中，研究了溫度和主要成分Cr、C、Si的變化情況，結果顯示，AOD爐有很好的脫碳效果，能將C質量分數（w[C]）由2.5%脫至0.03%以下，在還原期，Si對Cr有很好的還原效果。精煉過程中，最重要的是脫碳，但將碳脫至0.1%以后，所需要的條件變得苛刻。通過熱力學計算公式，研究了雙相不銹鋼2101去碳保鉻的影響因素，結果表明，碳鉻平衡主要受CO分壓和溫度的影響，CO分壓越低、溫度越高越有利于脫碳。在CO分壓一定，w[C]<0.1%時，w[C]越低，碳鉻平衡曲線的斜率越大，脫碳需要的溫度越高，脫碳越困難，降低CO分壓可進一步脫碳。在PCO/P0= 0.4，w[Cr]=21.5%條件下，為將w[C]脫至0.03%以下，需要將爐內溫度升到1746.1 ℃以上。Abstract: Duplex stainless steel 2101 has low production cost, excellent performance, and good resistance to NaCl corrosion. Duplex stainless steel 2101 can be used as marine stainless steel. In recent years, duplex stainless steel 2101 has been considered a valuable material. The “electric furnace + argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) + die casting” process was used to produce duplex stainless steel 2101. During the AOD refining process, the changes of temperature and Cr, C, and Si contents were investigated. Results show that the AOD furnace has a good decarburization effect. The C content (mass fraction) decreases from 2.5% to <0.03%. During the reduction period, Si has a good reduction effect on Cr. During the refining process, the most important step is decarburization. However, after decarbonizing to 0.1%, the required conditions become harsh. The factors affecting the decarburization and chromium retention of duplex stainless steel 2101 were analyzed using thermodynamic calculation formulas. The results show that the carbon–chromium balance is mainly affected by CO partial pressure and temperature. The lower the CO partial pressure, the higher the temperature, which is favorable for decarburization. When the CO partial pressure is constant and w[C] < 0.1%, the slope of the carbon–chromium equilibrium curve is increasing rapidly with the w[C] value decreasing. It means that the increased temperature range becomes larger making decarbonization more difficult, and the lower CO partial pressure is required for further decarburization. Further decarburization under the conditions of PCO/P0 = 0.4 and w[Cr] = 21.5% is conducted. To reduce w[C] to <0.03%, the temperature in the furnace needs to be increased over 1746.1 ℃.
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圖 1 2101冶煉過程Cr含量變化
Figure 1. Changes of Cr content during the steelmaking process of duplex stainless steel 2101
圖 2 2101冶煉過程溫度和Si、C含量變化
Figure 2. Changes of temperature and Si and C contents during the steelmaking process of duplex stainless steel 2101
圖 3 溫度（a）和CO分壓（b）對[C]與[Cr]平衡的影響
Figure 3. Effects of temperature (a) and CO partial pressure (b) on [C] and [Cr] equilibrium
圖 5 平衡態時w[Cr]與溫度的關系
Figure 5. Relationship between w[Cr] and temperature at equilibrium
表 1 雙相不銹鋼2101鋼錠成分（質量分數）
Table 1. Composition of the duplex stainless steel 2101 ingot
% C Mn Si P S Ni Cr Cu Mo N 0.0230 4.9968 0.6919 0.0224 0.0015 1.6644 21.4230 0.4799 0.3072 0.2462 
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表 2 氧化期爐渣成分（質量分數）
Table 2. Slag composition at the oxidation stage
% SiO2 Cr2O3 CaO MgO FeO Al2O3 TiO2 MnO 43.6683 24.1023 12.8578 7.5665 2.9111 3.2085 3.0663 2.6193
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