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摘要: 在真空感應爐中加入Y2Ti2O7納米粒子制備CLAM鋼，通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、X射線能譜分析儀（EDS）、X射線衍射儀（XRD）和萬能試驗機，探究Y2Ti2O7納米粒子對CLAM鋼中夾雜物的影響，分析CLAM鋼的力學性能。結果表明，Y2Ti2O7+Fe納米粒子成功加入CLAM鋼，添加粒子后的CLAM鋼中的夾雜物尺寸為0.5～1.5 μm，其形貌近似球形，成分為Y–Ti–O–Mn–C–Ta–W–V–Cr–Fe，屬于包裹狀復合夾雜物，主要是因為Ta、V是強碳化物形成元素以及部分Y2Ti2O7粒子可能發生了團聚。當Y2Ti2O7粒子添加量(質量分數)為0.5%時，外加的Y2Ti2O7粒子使得鋼中夾雜物改性變質為稀土氧化物的復合夾雜類型，鋼的強度為1356 MPa，伸長率和斷面收縮率分別為13.44%和63.15%。在部分拉伸斷口韌窩中還可以觀察到第二相粒子，其尺寸為≤1 μm，呈球狀，其成分較為復雜，主要為Y–Ti–O–C–Ta–W相。
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關鍵詞:
- Y2Ti2O7納米粒子 /
- 中國低活化馬氏體鋼 /
- 夾雜物變化 /
- 彌散強化 /
- 斷口形貌
Abstract: As the preferred material for the first wall of fusion reactors, China’s low-activation martensitic (CLAM) steel has several advantages; however, its high-temperature (>550 ℃) strength is not enough, and the helium produced by fusion can easily form a thick helium bubble and gather at the boundary, which leads to helium embrittlement; thus, the low-activation ferrite/martensite steel cannot effectively function in the fusion reactor working environment. Previous studies have shown that adding nano-sized oxide strengthening phase into CLAM steel can significantly improve the high-temperature strength and irradiation resistance of the steel, and Y2O3, Al2O3, or ThO2 are commonly used as strengthening phases. Moreover, it has been found that adding Ti will result in a better strengthening effect. In this study, CLAM steel with the addition of Y2Ti2O7 nanoparticles was fabricated using a vacuum induction furnace. Afterward, the effect of Y2Ti2O7 nanoparticles on inclusions in CLAM steel was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a universal testing machine experiment; then, the mechanical properties of CLAM steel were analyzed. The results show that Y2Ti2O7+Fe nanoparticles are successfully added to CLAM steel. The inclusion size of CLAM steel is 0.5?1.5 μm. The inclusion morphology is near-spherical, and the inclusion composition is Y–Ti–O–Mn–C–Ta–W–V–Cr–Fe; thus, the inclusion is characterized as a compound inclusion, mainly because Ta and V are strong carbide-forming elements and some Y2Ti2O7 particles may agglomerate. When the Y2Ti2O7 content is 0.5%, the inclusions in the steel modify into composite inclusions of rare-earth oxides, and the steel strength is 1356 MPa, while the elongation and section shrinkage are 13.44% and 63.15%, respectively. Moreover, second-phase particles also exist in the fracture dimples. The particles are spherical, less than 1 μm and have a complex composition, mainly Y–Ti–O–C–Ta–W phase. -
圖 3 不同Y2Ti2O7添加量下鋼的力學性能
Figure 3. Tensile strength of steel under different Y2Ti2O7 additions
圖 4 不同Y2Ti2O7添加量下鋼的平均沖擊功與硬度
Figure 4. Average impact energy and hardness of steel with different Y2Ti2O7 additions
圖 5 不同Y2Ti2O7添加量下鋼的室溫拉伸斷口形貌
Figure 5. Tensile fracture morphology of steel at room temperature under different Y2Ti2O7 additions
圖 6 3#鋼拉伸斷口第二相粒子形貌及成分
Figure 6. Particle morphology and composition of second-phase particles in the tensile fracture of 3# steel
圖 7 不同Y2Ti2O7添加量下鋼的室溫沖擊斷口形貌
Figure 7. Fracture morphology of steel at room temperature under different Y2Ti2O7 additions
表 1 實驗鋼的化學成分(質量分數)
Table 1. Chemical composition of the test steel
% Steel No. C Si Cr Mn W Ta V Y2Ti2O7 1# 0.1 0.05 9 0.45 1.5 0.15 0.2 — 2# 0.1 0.05 9 0.45 1.5 0.15 0.2 0.3 3# 0.1 0.05 9 0.45 1.5 0.15 0.2 0.5 
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