金屬熔池埋入式氣–固噴吹沖擊的特征規律

魏光升; 朱榮; 田博涵; 董凱; 楊凌志

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.05.s03

金屬熔池埋入式氣–固噴吹沖擊的特征規律

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.05.s03

魏光升^{1, 2},
朱榮^{1, 2},
田博涵^{1, 2},
董凱^{1, 2},
楊凌志^3, ,

1.
北京科技大學冶金與生態工程學院，北京 100083
2.
高端金屬材料特種熔煉與制備北京市重點實驗室，北京 100083
3.
中南大學資源加工與生物工程學院，長沙 410083

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（51804345）；中國博士后科學基金資助項目（2020T130053，2019M660459）；中央高校基本科研業務費資助項目（FRF-TP-19-031A1）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：yanglingzhi@163.com

中圖分類號: TF743
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-05
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-25

Impact characteristics of submerged gas–solid injection in the manufacturing process of steel

WEI Guang-sheng^{1, 2},
ZHU Rong^{1, 2},
TIAN Bo-han^{1, 2},
DONG Kai^{1, 2},
YANG Ling-zhi^{3
, ,}

1.
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials, Beijing 100083, China
3.
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: yanglingzhi@163.com

摘要

摘要: 電弧爐煉鋼以廢鋼為基本原料，熔清后磷含量波動大，且受爐型結構限制，反應動力學條件差，深脫磷困難；全廢鋼冶煉熔清碳含量低，熔池內C–O反應缺乏，氣泡產生數量少；且吹氧強化攪拌造成渣中FeO含量高、鋼液易過氧化。電弧爐熔池內氣–固噴吹冶煉新工藝，通過向熔池內部直接噴射石灰粉或碳粉，有效解決上述問題。本文通過數值模擬和水力學模擬實驗研究了金屬熔池內埋入式氣體噴吹和氣–固噴吹的沖擊特征規律。熔池內射流水平和豎直沖擊深度隨氣體噴吹流量增加而增加，而當氣體噴吹流量一定時，隨著噴槍安裝角度的增大，熔池內射流豎直沖擊深度增加，而水平沖擊深度減少。同時發現，粉劑顆粒提高了氣體射流的沖擊動能，增加了氣體射流的沖擊穿透深度。
- 電弧爐煉鋼 /
- 埋入式氣–固噴吹 /
- 沖擊特性 /
- 數值模擬 /
- 水模型實驗
Abstract: Scrap is used as a basic raw material in an electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process. During the process of melting, the phosphorus content fluctuates greatly, which is affected by various parameters such as the furnace structure and poor reaction dynamic conditions. Moreover, dephosphorization is very difficult to achieve. It is known that the carbon content of all melting scraps is low, C–O reaction in the molten pool is not sufficient, and number of bubbles is small; the FeO content in slag is high and molten steel is very easily oxidized by blowing oxygen and effective stirring. This study proposed a new process of submerged gas–solid injection and implemented it in EAF steelmaking, which effectively solved the aforementioned problems by delivering lime powder or carbon powder directly into the molten pool. In this study, the impact characteristics of submerged gas–solid injection in molten bath were investigated using numerical simulations and water model experiments. It is observed that when the gas flow rate was increased, the horizontal and vertical penetration distances were also increased. Meanwhile, when the installed angle of the nozzle was increased, the horizontal penetration distance was also increased, whereas, there was a decrease in vertical penetration distance. Further, the results obtained also show that both the kinetic energy of gas jet and impact penetration depth are increased by the proposed powder injection process.
- EAF steelmaking /
- submerged gas–solid injection /
- impact characteristics /
- numerical simulation /
- water model experiment

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圖 1 幾何計算域及網格劃分

Figure 1. Geometric calculation domain and mesh generation

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 水模型實驗平臺

Figure 2. Water model experiment platform

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 埋入式氣?固噴吹數值模擬速度分布云圖

Figure 3. Velocity distribution nephogram of numerical simulation of submerged gas–solid injection

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 氣體噴吹與埋入式氣?固噴吹沖擊效果對比。（a）純空氣噴吹；（b）空氣+粉劑（SiO₂粉）

Figure 4. Comparison of the impact effect between submerged gas–solid injection and gas injection: (a) pure air injection; (b) air + powder (SiO₂ powder)

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 埋入式氣體噴吹豎直沖擊深度隨氣體流量和噴槍安裝角度的變化

Figure 5. Variation of vertical impact depth of the submerged gas injection with the gas flow rates and installation angles of the submerged nozzle

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 6 熔池內氣體噴吹水平沖擊深度隨氣體流量和噴槍安裝角度變化

Figure 6. Variation of horizontal impact depth of the submerged gas injection with the gas flow rates and installation angles of the submerged nozzle

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 7 （a）埋入式氣?固噴吹與氣體噴吹水平沖擊深度數值模擬結果對比；（b）埋入式氣?固噴吹與氣體噴吹豎直沖擊深度數值模擬結果對比

Figure 7. Comparison of the numerical simulation results of (a) horizontal impact depth between submerged gas–solid injection and gas injection and (b) vertical impact depth between submerged gas–solid injection and gas injection

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 8 （a）水平沖擊深度隨噴粉速率的變化；（b）豎直沖擊深度隨噴粉速率的變化

Figure 8. Relation impact depth and powder injection rate: (a) horizontal impact depth; (b) vertical impact depth

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 各相物理屬性參數

Table 1. Physical property parameters of each phase

Property parameters	Density/(kg·m^?3)	Viscosity/(kg·m^?1·s^?1)	Thermal conductivity/(W·m^?1·K^?1)	Heat capacity/(J·kg^?1·K^?1)	Temperature/K
Molten steel	7200	0.0065	15	670	1873
Oxygen	Ideal gas	1.919×10^?5	0.0246	Piecewise-polynomial	300

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表 2 埋入式氣體噴吹數值模擬方案

Table 2. Numerical simulation scheme of submerged gas injection

Serial number	Installation angle/(°)	Gas flow rate/(m³·h^?1)
1	0	200
2	0	400
3	0	600
4	5	200
5	5	400
6	5	600
7	10	200
8	10	400
9	10	600
10	15	200
11	15	400
12	15	600

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表 3 埋入式氣–固噴吹數值模擬方案

Table 3. Numerical simulation scheme of submerged gas–solid injection

Serial number	Installation angle/(°)	Gas flow rate/(m³·h^?1)	Powder injection rate/(kg·min^?1)
1	10	200	10
2	10	400	10
3	10	600	10

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表 4 埋入式氣體噴吹水模型實驗方案

Table 4. Water model experiments scheme of submerged gas injection

Variable	Installation angle/(°)	Gas flow rate/(m³·h^?1)
Parameter	0, 5, 10, 15	3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15

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表 5 埋入式氣–固噴吹水模型實驗方案

Table 5. Water model experiments scheme of submerged gas–solid injection

Variable	Installation angle/(°)	Gas flow rate/(m³·h^?1)	Installation depth/mm	Powder injection rate/(g·min^?1)
Parameter	0, 10	10	200	20, 40, 60

下載: 導出CSV

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