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摘要: 海洋環境對于金屬的腐蝕具有明顯的加速作用，尤其在高鐵海底隧道環境中，金屬比正常的服役時間變短，這種腐蝕情況下會影響高鐵的安全和準點運行。基于以上背景，通過夾雜物自動掃描、鋼的加速腐蝕及電化學測試對鋼中的夾雜物誘發腐蝕行為進行系統分析，重點分析了高鐵軌旁信號設備連接金屬件（Q235）中夾雜物在鹽霧環境下的腐蝕行為。結果表明：鋼中主要夾雜物為氧化物、硫化物或者其復合夾雜，而這兩類夾雜物對于誘發鋼基體點蝕的原因不同。其中數量最多、尺寸小于5 μm類型的夾雜物為硫化物夾雜和氧硫復合類型夾雜物；數量少、尺寸大于5 μm的夾雜物為氧化物夾雜。在服役過程中，鋼中硫化物夾雜易溶解脫落形成點蝕坑，而氧化物夾雜周圍基體會先溶解引起夾雜物脫落形成點蝕坑，復合類夾雜物也是誘發鋼發生腐蝕的因素，不同復合類型的夾雜物腐蝕方式不同，硫化物夾雜和氧硫復合夾雜對碳鋼影響較大。電化學測試表明自腐蝕電位約為為?0.1 V，Q235鋼本身抗腐蝕能力不強。夾雜物在腐蝕過程中參與了腐蝕，引起陽極極化曲線的波動，加快了Q235鋼的腐蝕情況。研究結果對于認識和改善鋼的耐腐蝕性能有指導意義。Abstract: The marine environment significantly accelerates metal corrosion especially in underwater or undersea tunnels for high-speed rails, where the life of the metals will be shorter than normal life time; moreover, this type of corrosion critically affects the safety, promptness, and efficient operation of high-speed rails. Accordingly, this article systematically analyzes the behavior of inclusion-induced corrosion on steel by automatic scanning of inclusions, accelerated corrosion tests, and electrochemical testing. It focuses on the analysis of inclusions in steel used for high-rail signal connection equipment (Q235) and corrosive behavior in foggy environments. The results show that the types of inclusions in steel are oxides, sulfides, and composite inclusions, and each type of inclusion has different effects on pitting corrosion of the steel structure. Among the inclusions, the main types largely present are sulfide inclusions and oxygen-sulfur composite inclusions, which have a particle size smaller than 5 μm. The inclusions larger than 5 μm are oxide inclusions and they are present in small number. When components or steel structures are used in marine environment, sulfide inclusions in steel are easily dissolved and deformed to form pits, while oxide inclusions around the substrate get dissolved and fall off resulting in pitting corrosion. Composite inclusions also induce steel corrosion. Therefore, different types of inclusions induce corrosion in different ways. Sulfide inclusions and oxygen-sulfur composite inclusions have a greater impact on carbon steel. Electrochemical tests show that the self-corrosion potential is approximately ?0.1 V, and Q235 steel itself is not resistant to corrosion. As inclusions participate in corrosion process, they cause fluctuations in the anodic polarization curve and accelerate the corrosion of Q235 steel. The research results are of great significance for understanding and improving the corrosion resistance of steel, corrosion resistance of metal equipment in the undersea tunnel environment, and improving the safety and efficiency of high-speed railways.
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Key words:
- inclusions /
- corrosion behavior /
- pitting /
- corrosion mechanism /
- electrochemical
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圖 5 硫化物與氧化物夾雜腐蝕機理。（a）硫化物；（b）氧化物
Figure 5. Corrosion mechanisms of sulfide and oxide inclusions: (a) sulfide; (b) oxide
圖 6 復合夾雜物侵蝕后形貌特征。（a1）CaS?Al2O3侵蝕5 s；（b1）MgO?Al2O3侵蝕5 s；（a2）CaS?Al2O3侵蝕30 s；（b2）MgO?Al2O3侵蝕30 s
Figure 6. Corrosion morphologies of composite inclusions: (a1) CaS–Al2O3 erosion for 5 s; (b1) MgO–Al2O3 erosion for 5 s; (a2) CaS–Al2O3 erosion for 30 s; (b2) MgO–Al2O3 erosion for 30 s
圖 7 CaS?Al2O3元素面掃描圖。（a）侵蝕5 s；（b）侵蝕30 s
Figure 7. Elements mapping of CaS–Al2O3: (a) erosion for 5 s; (b) erosion for 30 s
圖 8 Q235鋼在1% NaCl溶液中的開路電位（a）及動電位極化曲線（b）
Figure 8. Open circuit potential (a) and dynamic polarization curve (b) of Q235 steel in 1% NaCl solution
圖 9 Q235鋼在1% NaCl溶液中的阻抗Bode圖（a）和阻抗Nyquist圖（b）
Figure 9. Impedance Bode plot (a) and impedance Nyquist plot (b) of Q235 steel in 1% NaCl solution
表 1 Q235鋼化學成分（質量分數）
Table 1. Chemical composition of Q235 steel
% C Si Mn P S 0.1573 0.4122 0.1789 0.0436 0.0445 
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