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摘要: 采用數值模擬及熱態燃燒實驗方法，分析了3種不同集束氧槍末端幾何結構在常溫及高溫條件下的射流速度場及溫度場分布特性，并重點研究了常用槍位條件下射流動壓對熔池的沖擊形貌特點的影響. 研究結果表明，采用收束式約束集束氧槍可有效抑制射流能量向徑向的擴散，從而延長伴隨流高溫區長度，達到提高超音速射流核心段長度及熔池攪拌效果的目的.Abstract: Coherent lances have been playing an extremely important role in the process of supplying oxygen to an electrical arc furnace, which has been widely used in metallurgy, and its metallurgical and operational benefits have been well reported. When compared with the conventional supersonic oxygen lance, the coherent lance could increase the oxygen utilization rate, strengthen penetration ability, and achieve a good stirring effect. However, there was limited research about the flow field characteristics of a coherent jet using different restriction structures for a coherent lance tip. This paper analyzed velocity and temperature profiles at various parameters and conditions. Both numerical simulation and combustion experiment have been carried out to investigate the velocity and temperature profiles using three kinds of restriction structures at room and high ambient temperature conditions. Further, the impact diameter and depth of the molten bath have also been analyzed at a certain lance height. The result shows that the restriction structure could delay energy transmission in a radial direction, which enlarges a high-temperature zone in an axial direction, resulting in the increase of the velocity potential core length and the improvement of the mixing ability of the main oxygen jet.
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Key words:
- coherent lance /
- flow field /
- numerical simulation /
- combustion experiment
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圖 1 不同結構氧槍參數截面示意圖。（a）收束式約束集束氧槍；（b）直管式約束集束氧槍；（c）傳統集束氧槍；（d）傳統超音速氧槍（單位：mm）
Figure 1. Schematic of the different lance structures: (a) flap restricted coherent lance; (b) open restricted coherent lance; (c) conventional coherent lance; (d) conventional lance (unit: mm)
圖 3 主氧射流軸線速度分布模式。（a）環境溫度為298 K；（b）環境溫度為1700 K
Figure 3. Axial velocity of main oxygen jet at centerline: (a) the ambient temperature is 298 K; (b) ambient temperature is 1700 K
圖 4 不同環境溫度下，主氧射流軸線氧氣含量分布模式。（a）298 K；（b）1700 K
Figure 4. Oxygen mass fraction of main oxygen jet at centerline at different ambient temperatures: (a) 298 K; (b) 1700 K
圖 5 不同環境溫度下，主氧射流徑向動壓分布模式。（a）298 K；（b）1700 K
Figure 5. Dynamic pressure of main oxygen jet in radial direction at different ambient temperatures: (a) 298 K; (b) 1700 K
表 1 數值模擬模型邊界條件
Table 1. Simulation boundary conditions
Lable Type Value Main oxygen jet Mass inlet/(kg·s?1) 0.9921 Mass fraction/% O2, 100 Temperature/K 298 Shrouding oxygen jet Mass inlet/(kg·s?1) 0.1190 Mass fraction/% O2, 100 Temperature/K 298 Shrouiding CH4 Mass inlet/(kg·s?1) 0.0595 Mass fraction/% CH4, 100 Temperature/K 298 Outlet Pressure/Pa 101325 Mass fraction/% O2, 23; N2,77 Temperature/K 298, 1700 
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表 2 氣相物化參數
Table 2. Parameters of the gas flow
Gas Viscosity/(kg·m?1·s?1) Thermal conductivity/(W·m?1·K?1) Oxygen gas 1.919×10?5 0.0246 CH4 1.087×10?5 0.0332 Air 1.789×10?5 0.0242
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表 3 同心圓環截面處集束射流平均速度及平均溫度統計
Table 3. Average static temperature and axial velocity for various coherent lances
Lance 298 K 1700 K Average temperature/K Average axial velocity/(m·s?1) Average temperature/K Average axial velocity/(m·s?1) Conventional coherent lance 953 61 1355 90 Open restricted coherent lance 1531 102 1501 160 Flap restricted coherent lance 1980 212 1723 288
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