模擬煙氣中氣態痕量元素污染物發生方法的研究現狀

胡鵬博; 翁麒宇; 李端樂; 呂濤; 王淑娟; 禚玉群

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.03.05.006

模擬煙氣中氣態痕量元素污染物發生方法的研究現狀

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.03.05.006

胡鵬博^{1, 2},
翁麒宇^{1, 2},
李端樂^{1, 2},
呂濤^{1, 2},
王淑娟^{1, 2, 3},
禚玉群^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
清華大學能源與動力工程系，北京 100084
2.
清華大學熱科學與動力工程教育部重點實驗室，北京 100084
3.
清華大學鹽堿地區生態修復與固碳研究中心，北京 100084

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2018YFB0605105-2）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
Email: zhuoyq@tsinghua.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TK09
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-05
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-10-14
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-25

Research status of methods for generating gaseous trace element pollutants in simulated flue gas

HU Peng-bo^{1, 2},
WENG Qi-yu^{1, 2},
LI Duan-le^{1, 2},
Lü Tao^{1, 2},
WANG Shu-juan^{1, 2, 3},
ZHUO Yu-qun^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2.
Key laboratory of Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3.
Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Carbon Fixation of Saline-alkaline and Desert Land, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: zhuoyq@tsinghua.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目前燃煤電廠對于SO₂、NO_x和PM等主要污染物已經有較為成熟的控制方法，但針對具有長期環境危害性的痕量污染物尚缺乏有效的排放控制手段。為全面掌握痕量污染物在煤燃燒過程中的釋放、遷移和轉化規律并開發相應的控制技術，建立穩定可靠的模擬煙氣痕量污染物發生方法是開展相關研究的前提條件。通過文獻調研，對常見痕量污染物的四種發生方法進行了總結、歸納和對比：溶液蒸發法較為簡單易用，但產物中易含有副產物，這些副產物會帶來一定的影響；燃燒法產生的痕量污染物最接近實際情況，但受實驗條件影響較大，并且產物成分較為復雜；升華法獲得的產物濃度較為準確，但適用范圍較窄，僅用于某幾種氣態痕量污染物的發生；氫化物氧化法可準確地控制產物的發生速率，但也僅適用于少量痕量污染物，并且裝置較為復雜。分析比較了不同方法的適用情形，最后提出多種方法聯用的思路以期得到更加接近實際情形并且成分可控的結果。
- 煤燃燒 /
- 燃煤煙氣 /
- 痕量污染物 /
- 蒸發 /
- 氧化 /
- 發生方法
Abstract: Technologies for the emission and control of pollutants have been widely applied in coal-fired power plants in China to control the emissions of SO₂, NO_x, and particulate matter (PM). SO₂ and NO_x belong to the pollutants of major elements, with PM pertaining to the solid products. Control technologies for the above three pollutants, such as flue gas desulfurization, selective catalytic reduction, and electrostatic precipitators, have been proven to be highly efficient at removing the abovementioned pollutants in practical settings. The emission and control of Hg pollutants have also been extensively studied. However, control technologies for pollutants from trace elements, including Cd, Cr, Pb, Se, and As, which are also hazardous to long-term human health and the ecosystem, must be further developed both experimentally and theoretically. As a first step in future studies and analyses, the development of accurate and reliable methods for generating trace element pollutants is extremely important for the development of their future control technologies. In this paper, different ways of generating trace elements pollutants in simulated flue gas have been summarized and compared, including solution evaporation, combustion, sublimation, and hydride oxidization methods. The detailed procedures of these methods have been presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been discussed in detail. The findings indicate that the solution evaporation method is simple and feasible, but includes water vapor and other possible gaseous by-products that will have a negative effect on the results of subsequent experiments. The combustion method offers a realistic simulated flue gas, although factors related to the fuel or combustion conditions might influence the results and the product constituents are somewhat complex. The sublimation and hydride oxidation methods provide the most accurate trace element pollutants, but they are only suitable for the generation of certain types of gaseous trace pollutants and the installation of the hydride oxide apparatus is complicated. The applicability of these methods has also been discussed carefully in this study. A joint method for generating trace element pollutants has been proposed to obtain results that are closer to the actual situation and more precise than those obtained using any single method.
- coal combustion /
- coal-fired flue gas /
- trace pollutants /
- evaporation /
- oxidation /
- generation methods

HTML全文

圖 1 溶液蒸發系統示意圖^[31]

Figure 1. Schematic of a solution evaporation system^[31]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 燃燒法系統示意圖^[55?56]

Figure 2. Schematic of a combustion system^[55?56]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 SeO₂發生及反應固定床裝置^[59]

Figure 3. Fixed-bed device for the generation and reaction of SeO₂^[59]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 As₂O₃發生及反應固定床裝置^[61]

Figure 4. Fixed-bed device for the generation and reaction of As₂O₃^[61]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 氫化物氧化反應系統示意圖^[71]

Figure 5. Schematic of a hydride oxidation reaction system^[71]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 痕量元素化合物熱分解特性

Table 1. Thermolysis properties of trace element compounds

Elements	Characteristics of thermolysis
Cr^[37?38]	Cr(NO₃)₃and Cr(CO)₆decompose to Cr₂O₃and Cr at 373 K and 383 K, respectively^[39].
Cr^[37?38]	Cr₂O₃is stable below 2000 K^[40]. CrCl₃and Cr₂(SO₄)₃are stable below 1200 K^[40].
Pb^[41?42]	Pb(NO₃)₂and Pb(CH₃COO)₂decompose to Pb and PbO at 743 K and 473 K, respectively^[39].
Pb^[41?42]	PbO is stable below 2000 K^[40]. PbCl₂is stable below 1200 K^[40].
Se^[43]	H₂SeO₄decomposes to H₂SeO₃ at 533 K^[44]. H₂SeO₃decomposes to SeO₂ at 343 K^[45]. SeO₂is stable below 1500 K^[40].
As^[46?47]	H₃AsO₄decomposes to As₂O₅ at 433 K^[39]. As₂O₅decomposes to As₂O₃ at 588 K^[39]. As₂O₃is stable below 732 K^[40].
Cd^[48]	CdCl₂is stable below 1236 K^[40]. CdSO₄is stable below 1408 K^[40].

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