球化組織對AISI 420型鋼淬回火特性及耐蝕性能的影響

呂穿江; 張樂; 陳旋; 吳曉春

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.09.005

球化組織對AISI 420型鋼淬回火特性及耐蝕性能的影響

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.09.005

呂穿江^{1, 2},
張樂^{1, 2},
陳旋^{1, 2},
吳曉春^{1, 2, ,}

1.
上海大學材料科學與工程學院, 上海 200444
2.
上海大學省部共建高品質特殊鋼冶金與制備國家重點實驗室, 上海 200444

基金項目:

國家重點研發計劃資助項目 2016YFB0300400

國家重點研發計劃資助項目 2016YFB0300404

詳細信息

通訊作者:
吳曉春, E-mail: wuxiaochun@t.shu.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG156.71
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-28
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-01

Effect of spheroidized microstructure on quenching and tempering characteristics and corrosion resistance of AISI 420-type steel

Lü Chuan-jiang^{1, 2},
ZHANG Le^{1, 2},
CHEN Xuan^{1, 2},
WU Xiao-chun^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WU Xiao-chun, E-mail: wuxiaochun@t.shu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 對比研究了兩種AISI 420型鋼球化組織的平均粒徑和圓整度，并對兩種鋼材進行了不同淬火和回火處理工藝.然后通過硬度測試、掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）和X射線衍射儀（XRD）來比較球化組織對淬回火特性的影響，同時借助動電位極化曲線測試和質量分數3.5% NaCl溶液浸泡腐蝕來分析耐蝕性能的差異.結果表明：細小彌散的球化組織在淬火時可以提高AISI 420型鋼的C元素的固溶量，提高了其淬硬性，但是會提高殘留奧氏體的含量；尺寸更小的退火態碳化物可以使AISI 420型鋼的基體在奧氏體化過程中溶解更多的Cr元素，從而使得其在淬回火后基體Cr含量更高，減小貧Cr區產生幾率，最終顯示出更好的點蝕抗力；更少的大尺寸的未溶碳化物在腐蝕環境中降低了點蝕形核幾率，提高了AISI 420型鋼的耐蝕性能.所以在250℃回火時，AISI 420型鋼耐蝕性好且硬度高，在480℃回火后，耐蝕性最差.
- AISI 420型鋼 /
- 球化組織 /
- 淬回火特性 /
- Cr元素 /
- 耐蝕性能
Abstract: Owing to the increasing surface quality of plastic products, such as plastic medical supplies and resin lenses, the demands of plastic molds have increased. Corrosion and wear are the most important failure behaviors of plastic molds; therefore, best-quality plastic mold materials should feature high hardness and corrosion resistance. Super martensitic stainless steels show the optimum combination of strength, hardness, and wear and corrosion resistance after appropriate heat treatment. Therefore, they are the most mainstream materials in the field of high-grade die steel, especially AISI 420. Herein, AISI 420 steels with different average particle sizes and roundness of spheroidized microstructures were treated by different quenching and tempering procedures. Hardness test, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray powder diffraction were then used to research the impact of the spheroidized microstructure on the quenching and tempering characteristics. Additionally, the differences in corrosion resistance were investigated using a potentiodynamic polarization test and soaking corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that small and diffuse spheroidized microstructures increase the solution degree of the C element in AISI 420 steel during quenching, improving the hardening capacity, but increasing the amount of retained austenite simultaneously. Smaller-sized Cr-rich carbides enable the AISI 420 steel to dissolve more Cr element in the austenitizing procedure; therefore, the Cr content of the matrix is higher after quenching and tempering, which reduces the probability of the chromium-depleted area and shows better pitting resistance. Fewer large-sized, undissolved carbides reduce the probability of pitting nucleation in a corrosive environment and improve the corrosion resistance of AISI 420 steel. After tempering at 250℃, AISI 420 shows excellent corrosion resistance and higher hardness. While the steel exhibits the highest hardness, it also bring about the greatest damage to corrosion resistance when tempered at 480℃.
- AISI 420 steel /
- spheroidized microstructure /
- quenching and tempering characteristics /
- Cr element /
- corrosion resistance

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圖 1 球化組織原圖和處理圖. (a, b) 420-C; (c, d) 420-S

Figure 1. Original and processed image of spheroidized structure: (a, b) 420-C; (c, d) 420-S

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 420-C和420-S的退火態碳化物平均粒徑分布

Figure 2. Average particle size distribution of annealed carbides of 420-C and 420-S

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圖 3 退火態碳化物的圓整度分布. (a) 420-C; (b) 420-S

Figure 3. Roundness distribution of the annealed carbide: (a) 420-C; (b) 420-S

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圖 4 不同奧氏體化溫度淬火組織及能譜. (a) 420-C，1030 ℃; (b) 420-C，1070 ℃; (c) 420-S，1030 ℃; (d) 420-S，1070 ℃; (e) 420-C，1070 ℃未溶碳化物能譜

Figure 4. Quenched microstructure and energy spectrum of different austenitizing temperatures: (a) 420-C, 1030 ℃; (b) 420-C, 1070 ℃; (c) 420-S, 1030 ℃; (d) 420-S, 1070 ℃; (e) EDS of undissolved carbide for 420-C at 1070 ℃

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 硬度隨淬火溫度的變化曲線

Figure 5. Curves of hardness vs quenching at different temperatures

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圖 6 淬火態試樣X射線衍射圖譜. (a) 420-C; (b) 420-S

Figure 6. XRD diffraction patterns of quenched samples: (a) 420-C; (b) 420-S

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圖 7 硬度隨回火溫度的變化曲線

Figure 7. Curves of hardness versus tempering temperature

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圖 8 回火組織. (a) 420-C, 250 ℃; (b) 420-C, 460 ℃; (c) 420-C, 650 ℃; (d) 420-S, 250 ℃; (e) 420-S, 460 ℃; (f) 420-S, 650 ℃

Figure 8. Microstructure after tempering: (a) 420-C, 250 ℃; (b) 420-C, 460 ℃; (c) 420-C, 650 ℃; (d) 420-S, 250 ℃; (e) 420-S, 460 ℃; (f) 420-S, 650 ℃

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圖 9 不同回火溫度下動電位極化曲線. (a) 250 ℃; (b) 460 ℃; (c) 650 ℃

Figure 9. Dynamic potential polarization curves of two steels after different tempering temperatures: (a) 250 ℃; (b) 460 ℃; (c) 650 ℃

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 10 浸泡腐蝕48 h結果. (a)宏觀形貌; (b) 腐蝕速率; (c) 420-C的460 ℃回火試樣微觀形貌; (d) 420-S的460 ℃回火試樣微觀形貌

Figure 10. 48 h immersion corrosion results: (a) macroscopic appearance; (b) corrosion rate; (c) microstructure of 420-C after tempered at 460 ℃; (d) microstructure of 420-S after tempered at 460 ℃

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表 1 試驗鋼的化學成分(質量分數)

Table 1. Chemical composition of tested steels ?%

鋼種	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Mo	Ni	V	S	P	Fe
420-C	0.39	0.99	0.57	13.39	0.12	0.25	0.30	0.0040	0.022	余量
420-S	0.35	0.90	0.49	13.36	0.13	0.21	0.30	0.0046	0.028	余量

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表 2 淬火態試樣殘留奧氏體體積分數測定結果

Table 2. Retained austenite content of samples after quenching ?%

鋼種	1010 ℃	1030 ℃	1050 ℃	1070 ℃	1090 ℃
420-S	4.6	5.9	7.5	9.6	11.3
420-C	5.3	13.7	22.8	20.2	21.3

下載: 導出CSV

表 3 動電位掃描結果

Table 3. Dynamic potential scan results

鋼種	熱處理工藝	E_corr/V (vs SCE)	E_pit/V (vs SCE)
	1030 ℃淬火+250 ℃回火	-0.188	0.02
420-S	1030 ℃淬火+460 ℃回火	-0.313	―
	1030 ℃淬火+650 ℃回火	-0.203	-0.06
	1030 ℃淬火+250 ℃回火	-0.170	-0.07
420-C	1030 ℃淬火+460 ℃回火	-0.319	―
	1030 ℃淬火+650 ℃回火	-0.187	-0.05

下載: 導出CSV

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