次生硫化銅礦制粒試驗

尹升華; 陳威; 劉家明; 宋慶

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.09.003

次生硫化銅礦制粒試驗

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.09.003

尹升華^{1, 2},
陳威^{1, 2, ,},
劉家明²,
宋慶²

1.
北京科技大學金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點實驗室, 北京 100083
2.
北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院, 北京 100083

基金項目:

國家優秀青年科學基金資助項目 51722401

國家自然科學基金重點資助項目 51734001

中央高校基本科研業務費專項資金資助項目 FRF-TP-18-003C1

詳細信息

通訊作者:
陳威, E-mail: ustbchenwei@126.com

中圖分類號: TD862
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-15
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-01

Agglomeration experiment of secondary copper sulfide ore

YIN Sheng-hua^{1, 2},
CHEN Wei^{1, 2
, ,},
LIU Jia-ming²,
SONG Qing²

1.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: CHEN Wei, E-mail: ustbchenwei@126.com

摘要

摘要: 為解決堆浸過程中由于大量礦粉存在而導致礦堆滲透性差、浸出率低等問題，以次生硫化銅礦為原料，開展了制粒試驗研究.考察了不同制粒黏結劑對礦粉的黏結效果，確定了最佳的制粒黏結劑、制粒工藝以及制粒方法.通過正交制粒試驗，明確了影響制粒試驗的主要因素.試驗結果表明：不同制粒黏結劑的黏結效果排序依次為：SFS-2 > SFS-3 >水泥>半水石膏> SFS-1 > SFS-0 >硅酸鈉>陽離子型聚丙烯酰胺.當選用黏結劑SFS-2，黏結劑占礦粉質量分數為8%、加酸量為25 kg·t^-1以及制粒過程噴水質量分數為30%時，所制礦團效果最佳.其濕強度達到94.62%，抗壓強度達到417.44 N，礦團酸浸維持完好時間超過25 d，礦團形態基本維持不變，無明顯破裂現象.正交制粒試驗得到多因素對次生硫化銅礦制粒的影響由大到小依次為：黏結劑占礦石質量分數、加酸量和制粒噴水量.對選定的黏結劑進行細菌接種試驗顯示，黏結劑對細菌群落無明顯影響.添加黏結劑試驗組細菌數量為8.79×10⁷ mL^-1，未添加黏結劑試驗組細菌數量為8.86×10⁷ mL^-1.對制粒后礦團進行浸礦試驗結果顯示，礦粉制粒后銅浸出率提高了12.74%，制粒通過增大礦物之間的孔隙，增加浸出液與礦石的接觸，進而提高銅浸出率.
- 制粒黏結劑 /
- 濕強度 /
- 抗壓強度 /
- 次生硫化銅礦 /
- 生物浸礦
Abstract: The presence of a large amount of fine particles and muddy ore during the heap leaching process leads the occurrence of low leaching rate. Herein, agglomeration experiments using low-grade secondary copper sulfide ore were conducted to enhance the poor heap permeability and low leaching rate caused by the presence of a large amount of fine particles during the heap leaching process. The optimum binder, agglomeration technology, and agglomeration method were selected after investigating the bonding effects of different binders on mineral particles. The effect of single factor, including the binder mass fraction, acid quality, and bulk of water spraying on agglomeration experiments were conducted before the orthogonal experiment. The key factors that have a considerable effect on agglomeration were identified through the orthogonal experiment. According to the experimental results, the order of bonding effect of different granulation binders is as follows: SFS-2 > SFS-3 > cement > hemihydrate gypsum > SFS-1 > SFS-0 > sodium silicate > cationic polyacrylamide. The effect of agglomeration is the best when SFS-2 is selected as a binder, the acid quality is measured as 25 kg·t^-1, and the mass fraction of spraying water is 30% during the agglomeration process. The wet strength and compressive strength reaches up to 94.62% and 417.44 N, respectively, after drying. The acid leaching time of agglomerations is maintained for more than 25 d, during which the shape of agglomerations remains unchanged and is without obvious fracture. According to the orthogonal experiment, the factors affecting the agglomeration in the descending order are as follows: binder mass fraction, acid quality, and bulk of water spraying. The bacterial inoculation experiment in the presence of binder was conducted, but it shows no considerable effect of binder on the bacterial community. The bacterial number of experiment in the presence of binder reaches 8.79×10⁷ mL^-1, while that in the absence of binder is 8.86×10⁷ mL^-1. The leaching experiments results show that the copper leaching rate increases by 12.74% after agglomeration because agglomeration increases the porosity between the minerals and improves the contact between leaching solution and minerals.
- binder /
- wet strength /
- compressive strength /
- secondary copper sulfide ore /
- bioleaching

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圖 1 不同培養基底細菌數量變化

Figure 1. Variation of bacterial concentration in different culture bases

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 不同黏結劑含量礦團濕強度與抗壓強度變化

Figure 2. Variation of wet strength and compressive strength under different binders' mass fractions

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 不同加酸量礦團濕強度與抗壓強度變化

Figure 3. Variation of wet strength and compressive strength under different acid qualities

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圖 4 正交制粒試驗礦團濕強度與抗壓強度變化

Figure 4. Variation of wet strength and compressive strength during the orthogonal experiment

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圖 5 試驗裝置. (a) A組；(b) B組

Figure 5. Experimental devices: (a) group A; (b) group B

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圖 6 銅浸出率變化

Figure 6. Variation of copper leaching rate

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圖 7 細菌數量變化

Figure 7. Variation of bacterial concentration

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圖 8 礦堆底部板結.(a) A組；(b) B組

Figure 8. Hardening phenomenon of heap bottom: (a) group A; (b) group B

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 礦樣主要元素質量分數

Table 1. Mass fraction of major elements in mineral samples ?%

Cu	Fe	S	CaO	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂
0.70	1.67	1.10	0.30	0.04	5.29	91.00

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表 2 銅物相分析結果(質量分數)

Table 2. Cu phase analysis results of mineral samples ?%

氧化銅	原生硫化銅	次生硫化銅	結合銅	總Cu
0.04	0.05	0.60	0.01	0.70

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表 3 不同黏結劑礦團完全破裂所需時間

Table 3. Break time of aggregation with different binders ?d

SFS-0	SFS-1	SFS-2	SFS-3	水泥	硅酸鈉	半水石膏	陽離子型聚丙烯酰胺
< 8	< 10	>20	>20	< 16	< 3	< 2	< 3

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表 4 3因素4水平制粒正交試驗

Table 4. Three factors of four horizontal orthogonal test

水平	因素
水平	黏結劑質量分數/%	加酸量/(kg·t^-1)	噴水量/%
1	2	20	20
2	4	25	25
3	6	30	30
4	8	35	35

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表 5 正交制粒試驗方案與結果

Table 5. Orthogonal experiment schemes and results

組別	黏結劑質量分數/%	加酸量/(kg·t^-1)	噴水量/%	濕強度/%	抗壓強度/N	酸浸維持完整形態時間/d
1	2(1)	20(1)	20(1)	90.41	102.53	< 11
2	2(1)	25(2)	25(2)	91.08	105.96	< 13
3	2(1)	30(3)	30(3)	90.24	98.92	< 12
4	2(1)	35(4)	35(4)	89.96	100.81	< 8
5	4(2)	20(1)	25(2)	91.02	121.07	< 9
6	4(2)	25(2)	20(1)	90.83	123.81	< 14
7	4(2)	30(3)	35(4)	92.78	114.77	< 12
8	4(2)	35(4)	30(3)	90.44	111.84	< 10
9	6(3)	20(1)	30(3)	92.78	182.87	< 16
10	6(3)	25(2)	35(4)	90.99	195.37	< 18
11	6(3)	30(3)	20(1)	91.92	188.48	< 14
12	6(3)	35(4)	25(2)	93.29	201.29	< 13
13	8(4)	20(1)	35(4)	92.33	382.61	< 18
14	8(4)	25(2)	30(3)	94.62	417.44	>25
15	8(4)	30(3)	25(2)	91.09	402.69	< 23
16	8(4)	35(4)	20(1)	90.98	392.83	< 14
??注：括號中數字代表水平.

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表 6 礦團酸浸時間極差分析

Table 6. Analysis of the acid leaching time

K_ij	黏結劑質量分數/%	加酸量/(kg·t^-1)	噴水量/%
K_ij	j=1	j=2	j=3
K_1j	44	64	53
K_2j	45	70	58
K_3j	61	61	63
K_4j	90	45	66
K_1j	11.00	16.00	13.25
K_2j	11.25	17.50	14.50
K_3j	15.25	15.25	15.75
K_4j	22.50	11.25	16.50
R_j	11.50	6.25	3.25

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表 7 浸礦試驗方案

Table 7. Leaching experiment schemes

組別	礦石量/g	礦團量/g	礦粉量/g
A	200	200	0
B	200	0	200

下載: 導出CSV

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