Corrosion behavior of X100 pipeline steel and its heat-affected zones in simulated Korla soil solution under alternating current interference
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摘要: 通過Gleeble熱模擬實驗機模擬了X100管線鋼的粗晶熱影響區（CGHAZ）及再熱臨界粗晶熱影響區（ICCGHAZ）微觀組織。采用電化學測試、浸泡實驗及表面分析技術研究了交流干擾下X100管線鋼母材、CGHAZ及ICCGHAZ在庫爾勒土壤溶液中的腐蝕行為。結果表明：交流干擾下X100管線鋼母材、CGHAZ及ICCGHAZ都表現為活性溶解，平均腐蝕速率隨交流電流密度的增大而增加。交流干擾造成的極化電位振蕩幅值及微觀組織對X100管線鋼母材、CGHAZ及ICCGHAZ的平均腐蝕速率和腐蝕形貌有著重要影響。在5 mA·cm?2交流電流密度干擾下，母材的腐蝕電位最負、平均腐蝕速率最大，ICCGHAZ的腐蝕電位最正、平均腐蝕速率最小，CGHAZ的腐蝕電位及平均腐蝕速率都居中；在20 mA·cm?2及50 mA·cm?2交流電流密度干擾下，ICCGHAZ腐蝕電位最負、平均腐蝕速率最大，母材的腐蝕電位最正、平均腐蝕速率最小，CGHAZ的腐蝕電位及平均腐蝕速率都仍居中。在20 mA·cm?2交流電流密度交流干擾下，X100管線鋼發生局部腐蝕，CGHAZ、ICCGHAZ發生明顯的晶界腐蝕，GCHAZ晶界腐蝕形貌呈縫隙狀、ICCGHAZ晶界腐蝕形貌為連續孔洞。Abstract: In recent years, many accidents caused by alternating current (AC) corrosion have been reported. AC corrosion has become a serious potential damage to buried steel pipelines. The X100 pipeline steel is a very promising material for long-distance gas pipelines, and Korla soil is a typical saline-alkali soil of West China. The coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and the intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (ICCGHAZ) were simulated by a Gleeble thermomechanical processing machine through different thermal cycle times, peak temperatures, and cooling rates. Electrochemical corrosion measurements, immersion experiments and surface analysis techniques were used to characterize the corrosion behavior of the base metal, CGHAZ, and ICCGHAZ of the X100 pipeline steel in simulated Korla soil solution under AC interference. The X100 pipeline steel base metal, CGHAZ, and ICCGHAZ exhibited active dissolution in the simulated Korla soil solution under AC interference, and the average corrosion rate increased with the increase in AC density. The amplitude of the polarization potential oscillation caused by AC interference and the microstructure had an important influence on the corrosion rate and corrosion morphology of the X100 pipeline steel base metal, CGHAZ and ICCGHAZ. Under the interference of 5 mA·cm?2 AC density, the X100 pipeline steel base material shows the most negative corrosion potential and the largest average corrosion rate, while the ICCGHAZ shows the most positive corrosion potential and the smallest average corrosion rate. Under the interferences of 20 and 50 mA·cm?2 AC densities, the ICCGHAZ of X100 pipeline steel shows the most negative corrosion potential and the largest average corrosion rate, while the base metal shows the most positive corrosion potential and the smallest average corrosion rate. Under the interference of 20 mA·cm?2 AC density, the X100 pipeline steel is locally corroded. CGHAZ and ICCGHAZ have obvious grain boundary corrosion, whereby GCHAZ grain boundary corrosion morphology is slit-shaped, and ICCGHAZ grain boundary corrosion morphology is continuous pores.
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圖 1 Gleeble熱模擬實驗熱循環溫度曲線
Figure 1. Cycle temperature curves of thermal simulation by Gleeble
圖 3 電化學實驗裝置
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of experimental setup for electrochemical testing
圖 4 X100管線鋼顯微組織。（a）粗晶熱影響區；（b）臨界再熱粗晶熱影響區；（c）母材
Figure 4. Optical microstructure: (a) CGHAZ; (b) ICCGHAZ; (c) base steel
圖 5 X100管線鋼母材和熱影響區在庫爾勒土壤模擬液中的腐蝕電位。（a）1 Hz頻率測得；（b）在交流電流密度為5 mA·cm?2時2000 Hz頻率測得；（c）在交流電流密度為20 mA·cm?2時2000 Hz頻率測得；（d）在交流電流密度為50 mA·cm?2時2000 Hz頻率測得
Figure 5. Corrosion potentials of the samples in simulated Korla soil solution: (a) measured by 1 Hz frequency; (b) measured by 2000 Hz under AC density of 5 mA·cm?2; (c) measured by 2000 Hz under AC density of 20 mA·cm?2; (d) measured by 2000 Hz under AC density of 50 mA·cm?2
圖 6 X100管線鋼母材和熱影響區在庫爾勒土壤模擬液中極化曲線。（a）交流電流密度為5 mA·cm?2；（b）交流電流密度為20 mA·cm?2；（c）交流電流密度為50 mA·cm?2
Figure 6. Polarization curves of the samples in simulated Korla soil solution: (a) AC density of 5 mA·cm?2; (b) AC density of 20 mA·cm?2; (c) AC density of 50 mA·cm?2
圖 7 X100鋼母材、CGHAZ和ICCGHAZ在20 mA·cm?2交流干擾下的腐蝕速率
Figure 7. Corrosion rates of X100 base steel, CGHAZ, ICCGHAZ under AC current densities of 20 mA·cm?2
圖 8 試樣表面腐蝕形貌SEM圖。（a）CGHAZ鄰近母材；（b）ICCGHAZ鄰近母材；（c）單獨母材；（d）CGHAZ；（e）ICCGHAZ
Figure 8. SEM surface micrographs: (a)base steel adjacent to CGHAZ; (b) base steel adjacent to ICCGHAZ; (c) base steel; (d) CGHAZ; (e)ICCGHAZ
圖 9 試樣表面腐蝕形貌SEM圖。（a） 腐蝕較輕的CGHAZ；（b）腐蝕較輕的ICCGHAZ；（c）腐蝕較輕的母材；（d）腐蝕較嚴重的CGHAZ；（e）腐蝕較嚴重的ICCGHAZ；（f）腐蝕較嚴重的母材
Figure 9. SEM surface micrographs: (a) CGHAZ with slight corrosion; (b) ICCGHAZ with slight corrosion; (c) base steel with slight corrosion; (d) CGHAZ with serious corrosion; (e) ICCGHAZ with serious corrosion; (f) base steel with serious corrosion
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