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摘要: 無間隙原子鋼（IF鋼）主要用于汽車、家電等行業，除需要極低的C、N含量外，對最終產品的表面質量也有嚴格要求。鋼中O含量和夾雜物對產品的表面質量影響很大。快速降低鋼中C含量、同時保證鋼的高潔凈度是非常重要的。為此，通過在Ruhrstahl Hereaeus（RH）精煉?連鑄過程密集取樣，采用ASPEX掃描電鏡詳細研究了RH吹氧強制脫碳工藝下吹氧量對IF鋼潔凈度的影響。結果表明，本實驗條件下，吹氧量對精煉?連鑄過程中夾雜物的類型和形貌沒有影響。吹氧量對RH精煉前期（加Al后4 min內）鋼液潔凈度影響較大，而對后期生產過程中鋼液的潔凈度影響不大；精煉前期，吹氧量高，鋼液中總氧（T.O）含量和夾雜物的量增加。簇群狀夾雜物主要出現在RH破空之前，真空精煉結束后鋼液中很難發現簇群狀夾雜物。中間包鋼液潔凈度與RH吹氧量相關性不大，而與加Al脫氧前鋼液中O含量相關性很大，加Al脫氧前鋼液中O含量高，中間包鋼液潔凈度差；為提高中間包鋼液的潔凈度，應盡量減少加Al脫氧前鋼液中的O含量。隨著生產的進行，鋼液中T.O含量、夾雜物的量呈下降趨勢，潔凈度逐漸提高。Abstract: Interstitial-free (IF) steel is widely used in the automobile industry, home appliance industry, etc. Not only very low content of carbon and nitrogen, but also high quality surface of the final product are required for this steel grade. The contents of oxygen and inclusions in the steel have a great influence on the surface quality of the final product. Therefore, it is very important to decrease the carbon content effectively and keep high steel cleanliness at the same time in industrial production. In present work, the effect of oxygen blowing on the cleanliness of IF steel under the forced decarburization by oxygen blowing in the Ruhrstahl Hereaeus (RH) refining process was studied through dense sampling during RH and continuous casting process, and inclusion analysis was carried out with automatic scanning electron microscopy (ASPEX). Oxygen blowing was found to have little effect on the inclusions’ types and morphology throughout the process. The oxygen blowing rate had a great influence on the cleanliness of the molten steel in the early stage of RH refining (within 4 min after adding Al). An increase in the oxygen blowing rate led to an increase in the content of total oxygen (T.O) and the amount of inclusions in the steel, but it had little effect on the steel cleanliness in the subsequent process. Cluster inclusions were mainly found before the vacuum was broken, and finding them in steel after RH refining was difficult. The steel cleanliness in a tundish had little correlation with the oxygen blowing rate during RH treatment, but had a great correlation with the oxygen content in the molten steel before Al deoxidation. The higher the oxygen content before Al deoxidation, the worse the steel cleanliness in the tundish. To improve the cleanliness in the tundish, the oxygen content in molten steel before Al addition should be decreased as much as possible. The T.O and the inclusions amount in the steel showed a downward trend as the production proceeded, which indicates that the steel cleanliness was gradually improved.
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圖 2 試樣加工圖。（a）取樣器試樣；（b）鑄坯試樣
Figure 2. Schematic of sample machining: (a) sample by sampler; (b) sample from slab
圖 3 Al2O3夾雜物典型形貌。（a）樹枝類簇群；（b）珊瑚狀簇群；（c）棒狀；（d）球形；（e）塊狀
Figure 3. Morphology of typical Al2O3 inclusions: (a) dendritic cluster; (b) coral cluster; (c) bar-like; (d) spherical; (e) bulk
圖 4 Al?Ti?O復合夾雜物典型形貌及面掃。（a）類球狀；（b）不規則狀
Figure 4. Morphology of typical Al?Ti?O complex inclusions and surface scanning: (a) spherical; (b) irregular shape
圖 5 不同RH吹氧量下鋼中夾雜物的尺寸分布。（a）35 m3；（b）160 m3；（c）295 m3
Figure 5. Size distribution of inclusions in different oxygen blowing in RH: (a) 35 m3; (b) 160 m3; (c) 295 m3
圖 6 不同RH吹氧量下T.O含量變化
Figure 6. Change in the content of T.O in different oxygen blowing in RH
圖 7 不同RH吹氧量下N含量變化
Figure 7. Change in the content of N in different oxygen blowing in RH
圖 8 不同RH吹氧量下夾雜物數量密度變化
Figure 8. Change in the density of inclusions in different oxygen blowing in RH
圖 9 不同RH吹氧量下夾雜物面積比變化
Figure 9. Change in the area ratio of inclusions in different oxygen blowing in RH
圖 11 不同RH吹氧量與簇群狀夾雜物面積比關系
Figure 11. Relation between different oxygen blowing in RH and area ratio of cluster inclusions
圖 12 中包內夾雜物面積比與RH吹氧量關系
Figure 12. Relation between area ratio of inclusions in the tundish and the amount of oxygen blowing
圖 13 中包內夾雜物面積比與加Al脫氧前鋼液中氧含量關系
Figure 13. Relation between area ratio of inclusions in the tundish and the content of oxygen in molten steel before Al deoxygenation
表 1 RH吹氧情況
Table 1. Oxygen blowing during RH treatment
Heat number Oxygen blowing/m3 Decarburization/
%Oxygen content before deoxidation/% 1 35 0.0185 0.0365 2 215 0.0302 0.0362 3 220 0.0262 0.0350 4 235 0.0252 0.0310 5 295 0.0418 0.0291 6 160 0.0341 0.0388 
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