K-TIG焊接中厚板的工藝窗口改進

王泰; 敖三三; 魏祺; 蔡養川; 曾黎; 羅震

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.07.08.010

K-TIG焊接中厚板的工藝窗口改進

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.07.08.010

王泰¹,
敖三三^1, ,,
魏祺¹,
蔡養川¹,
曾黎²,
羅震¹

1.
天津大學材料科學與工程學院，天津 300350
2.
大慶油田第三采油廠規劃設計研究所，大慶 163000

基金項目: 科技部國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2018YFB1107900）；國家自然科學基金委員會與中國民用航空局聯合資助項目（U1933129）；天津市自然科學基金資助項目（18JCQNJC04100）；天津市自然科學基金重點資助項目（19JCZDC39000）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：ao33@tju.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG44
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-08
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-01

Improvement of process window for medium and thicker plates welded by K-TIG

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
2.
Institute of Design & Planning, the Third Production Plant, Daqing Oilfield, Daqing 163000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: ao33@tju.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 針對穿孔深熔氬弧焊(K-TIG)工藝焊接8 mm厚Q235低碳鋼板時焊接過程不穩定、焊接工藝窗口小等突出問題，首次提出在焊接工件背部鋪加保護焊劑的方法改善焊接過程。采用對接焊的方式，在不開坡口、焊接過程不添加焊絲的情況下，達到單面焊雙面成形的效果。最終成功的采用430～480 A范圍內的直流電流對8 mm厚的Q235低碳鋼進行了焊接，將焊接電流窗口擴大到50 A同時也顯著的提高了焊接過程的穩定性。同時，在擴大焊接電流窗口之后，系統研究了不同焊接電流下焊接接頭的組織性能。研究結果表明：在不同焊接電流下得到的焊接接頭中，組織分布以及力學性能分布呈現出相同的狀態。焊縫區的組織均由鐵素體+珠光體+魏氏組織組成；熔合區由魏氏組織組成；熱影響區由鐵素體+少量的珠光體組成；此外隨著焊接電流的增加，焊接接頭背部的熔寬有略微增加；在焊接接頭中，熔合區處硬度值最高，其次是焊縫區，之后是熱影響區，母材的硬度值最低；焊接接頭最終的拉伸斷裂位置是在熱影響區處。
- 低碳鋼 /
- 工藝窗口 /
- 焊劑 /
- K-TIG /
- 接頭組織
Abstract: The welding of 8-mm thick Q235 low-carbon steel plates by keyhole tungsten inter gas welding (K-TIG), a deep penetration argon arc welding technique with tungsten electrode, is associated with many problems, including an unstable welding process and a small welding current window. To solve these prominent problems, the method of adding shielding flux on the back of the welding workpieces was proposed for the first time in this paper. This method can improve the stability of the welding process. The butt welding method was used to achieve the result of single-sided welding and double-sided forming without adding welding wire or prefabricating groove during the welding process. The results show that direct current (DC) in the range of 430–480 A is successfully used to weld the 8-mm thick Q235 low-carbon steel. The welding current window is expanded to 50 A, and the welding process stability is significantly improved. After expanding the welding current window, the microstructures and properties of welded joints obtained under different welding currents were systematically studied. The results show that the distribution of microstructures and the mechanical properties of the welded joints under different welding currents present the same states. The microstructures of the weld zone are composed of ferrite + pearlite + widmanstatten structure; the microstructures of the fusion zone are composed of Widmanstatten structure; the structures of the heat-affected zones are composed of ferrite + a small amount of pearlite. In addition, with the increase in the welding current, the fusion width of the back of the workpiece increased slightly. In the welding joint, the hardness value of the fusion zone is the highest, followed by the weld zone, and the heat-affected zone. The base material has the least hardness, and the final tensile fracture position of the welded joint is in the heat affected zone.
- low-carbon steel /
- process window /
- welding flux /
- K-TIG /
- joint microstructure

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圖 1 焊接過程示意圖

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the welding process

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圖 2 焊接接頭表面外觀形貌。（a）焊接接頭正面成形；（b）焊接接頭背面成形

Figure 2. Surface appearance of the welded joints: (a) front forming of welded joints; (b) back forming of welded joints

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圖 3 焊接接頭橫截面形貌

Figure 3. Cross section appearance of weld joints

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圖 4 熔寬與焊接電流的關系

Figure 4. Relationship between weld width and welding current

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圖 5 焊接接頭不同區域

Figure 5. Different areas of welded joints

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圖 6 焊縫區微觀組織。（a）鐵素體+珠光體；（b）魏氏體組織

Figure 6. Microstructure of weld zone: (a) ferrite + pearlite; (b) widmanstatten

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圖 7 熔合區微觀組織

Figure 7. Microstructure of fusion zone

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圖 8 熱影響區微觀組織

Figure 8. Microstructure of heat-affected zone

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圖 9 焊接接頭顯微硬度

Figure 9. Microhardness of welded joint

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圖 10 焊接接頭應力?應變曲線

Figure 10. Stress?strain curve of welded joints

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表 1 Q235鋼的化學成分（質量分數）%

Table 1. Chemical composition of the Q235

C	Mn	Si	S	P	Fe
0.17	1.48	0.35	0.08	0.21	Bal.

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表 2 K-TIG焊接參數

Table 2. K-TIG welding parameters

Welding voltage/ V	Welding speed/ (mm·s^?1)	Distance between tungsten electrode and test plate/mm	Tungsten tip angle / (°)	Type of tungsten electrode	Diameter of tungsten electrode/mm
20	5	2.5	90	Lanthanum tungsten	6

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