粉末冶金在高熵材料中的應用

何春靜; 劉雄軍; 張盼; 王輝; 吳淵; 蔣雖合; 呂昭平

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.07.04.035

粉末冶金在高熵材料中的應用

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.07.04.035

北京科技大學新金屬材料國家重點實驗室，北京 100083

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（11790293，51671021，51971017）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：wanghui@ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG146.2
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Applications of powder metallurgy technology in high-entropy materials

State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: wanghui@ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 高熵材料是近年來出現的一種新型材料，具有高強度、高硬度、良好耐腐蝕和優異的高溫組織穩定性等性能，在航空航天、高溫以及先進核能等領域展現了廣闊的應用前景，引起國際材料領域的廣泛關注，相關研究也取得了很大進展。粉末冶金作為一種高性能金屬基和陶瓷復合材料的先進制備技術，可以獲得納米晶和過飽和固溶體等亞穩材料，同時也可用于傳統熔煉法較難制備的具有特殊結構和性能的材料，近些年來，粉末冶金技術在高熵材料制備中得到廣泛應用。本文從高熵材料的應用理論出發，針對目前高熵材料粉體制備方法、塊體成型以及粉末冶金制備的典型高熵材料三個方面予以綜述，著重闡述了高熵材料的力學性能和其變形行為特點，同時展望了高熵材料的未來發展趨勢。
- 高熵材料 /
- 粉末冶金 /
- 制備 /
- 成型 /
- 應用
Abstract: High-entropy materials (HEMs) designed with a new material design philosophy have recently emerged as a new type of advanced materials. In contrast to traditional alloys where one or two elements dominate the structural composition, HEMs comprise multiprincipal metallic or metalloid elements, generally ≥5 and in equiatomic or near-equiatomic ratios, thereby possessing high mixing entropy and generally forming a single-phase solid solution structure during solidification process. Because of their unique atomic structures, HEMs exhibit excellent properties such as high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and structural stability at elevated temperatures. Hence, HEMs have great potential to be utilized in various high-tech areas, such as aerospace, high-temperature and nuclear energy fields, etc. HEMs have sparked great interests in the fields of materials and substantial progress has been made over the years. Powder metallurgy (PM) is an advanced technology that is often used to fabricate high-performance metal-based and ceramic composite materials possessing a metastable structure, such as nanocrystalline or supersaturated solid solution phases. In particular, it can also be applied to synthesize advanced materials with unique structures and properties that are difficult to achieve using conventional casting methods. Recently, PM has been extensively applied in studying HEMs, thereby considerably expanding their application range. In this review paper, we first introduce the concept and theories related to HEMs and briefly summarize research activities and progresses made with regards to the applications of PM in HEMs, including synthesis methods of powders, formation of bulk HEMs, and typical HEMs (i.e., nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys (HEAs), refractory HEAs, lightweight HEAs, dispersion strengthened HEAs, and high-entropy ceramics) fabricated using PM. In particular, we place emphasis on the mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of HEMs, specifically, the strengthening mechanisms in some typical HEAs fabricated by PM. Finally, the future prospects of HEMs are also briefly outlined.
- high-entropy materials /
- powder metallurgy /
- preparation /
- molding /
- application

HTML全文

圖 1 八元高熵合金納米顆粒的能量色散X射線能譜元素分布圖像^[31]

Figure 1. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) element distribution images of HEA nanoparticles comprising eight dissimilar elements^[31]

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圖 2 CrMnFeCoNi HEAs的拉伸曲線^[25]

Figure 2. Tensile curves of CrMnFeCoNi HEAs^[25]

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圖 3 (a) CoCrFeNi 高熵合金透射明場像；(b) 5%Y₂O₃?CoCrFeNi 高熵合金透射明場像；(c) 5%Y₂O₃?CoCrFeNi 高熵合金的掃描透射電子顯微鏡?高角度環形暗場像；(d) 是沿著(c) 圖的白色箭頭的能量色散X射線能譜^[55]

Figure 3. (a) TEM bright filed image of CoCrFeNi HEA; (b) TEM bright filed image of 5% Y₂O₃?CoCrFeNi HEA; (c) high angle ring dark field image-scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) image of 5%Y₂O₃?CoCrFeNi HEA after SPS; (d) EDX of the section along the white arrow drawn in Fig.4(c)^[55]

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圖 4 (a) 樣品的拉伸曲線；(b) 試樣斷口的韌窩狀形貌；(c)試樣的光滑斷口側視圖^[16]

Figure 4. (a) Engineering stress–strain tensile curves; (b) fracture surface morphology showing ductile dimples in SPSed sample; (c) side view of the polished fracture surface of SPS sample with uncracked oxides present^[16]

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圖 5 高熵金屬二硼化物原子結構示意圖。這里M₁、M₂、M₃、M₄和M₅分別代表五種不同的過渡金屬(從Zr、Hf、Ti、Ta、Nb、W、Mo中選擇)^[75]

Figure 5. Schematic illustration of the atomic structure of high-entropy metal diborides. Here M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄, and M₅ represent 5 different transition metals (selected from Zr, Hf, Ti, Ta, Nb, W, and Mo)^[75]

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