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摘要: 長期頸部前屈對頸椎造成嚴重影響。為定量評估長時間低頭對頸椎疲勞造成的影響，選取20名健康受試者，保持低頭角度40°～60°持續3 h。選擇胸鎖乳突肌，頸部夾肌和肩部斜方肌測量其表面肌電信號。經濾波、整流、振幅標準化等處理后，對每60 s的肌電值進行積分和求其平均功率頻率。研究發現，積分肌電值的波動變化具有規律性，首次增大后的減小表征肌肉進入疲勞狀態；不同肌肉的平均功率頻率(mean power frequency，MPF)值具有明顯差異，決定著該肌肉疲勞耐受性的持續時間，且在整個頸部前屈過程中MPF并非簡單的線性關系。提出用MPF的導數來提取疲勞特征，用窗口化的MPF負數累積判定肌肉疲勞。結果表明，MPF負數累積能很好地判斷肌肉疲勞，胸鎖乳突肌在20 min內出現最終疲勞，而頸部夾肌和肩部斜方肌在20 min左右出現了短暫性疲勞，隨后在75～100 min時又出現了最終疲勞。因此建議持續頸部前屈時長不超過20 min。Abstract: Long-term neck flexion posture is a common awkward posture resulting from long-term head-down work, long-term looking at a computer screen, and long-term playing with a mobile phone. Fatigue and chronic injury of cervical muscles are easily caused by long-term bowing of the head. Long-term bowing of the head to play with a mobile phone causes injury to the cervical spine. Long-term neck muscle contraction is an important cause of fatigue and chronic injury of the neck muscles and tissues. Therefore, it is of significance to analyze the changes of muscle activity during long-term neck muscle contraction and to determine the time threshold of neck muscle fatigue to reduce the damage caused by neck muscle fatigue. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of long-term head-down playing with a mobile phone on cervical spine fatigue, 20 healthy subjects were selected and kept the head-down angle between 40° and 60° for 3 h. On the basis of the analysis of cervical spine muscle architecture and anthropometry, the surface electromyography (sEMG) of the sternocleidomastoid, cervical gripper, and shoulder trapezius muscles was recorded. The original sEMG data were processed by filtering, rectifying, and amplitude standardization. The EMG values every 60 s were integrated, and their mean power frequency (MPF) was calculated. Results show that the fluctuation of the integral EMG is regular and the decrease after the initial increase indicates that the muscle is in the fatigue state. The MPF values of different muscles have obvious differences, which determine the duration of fatigue tolerance of the muscle. Moreover, the MPF does not exhibit a simple linear relationship during the entire bowing process. The results also show that negative MPF accumulation can be used to assess neck muscle fatigue. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is in the fatigue state in 20 min, whereas the cervical gripper and shoulder trapezius muscles are temporarily fatigued in approximately 20 min and in the final fatigue state in 75–100 min. Therefore, it is suggested that the duration of continuous bowing should not exceed 20 min.
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圖 5 不同肌肉肌電積分值. (a) 1號受試者胸鎖乳突肌；(b) 1號受試者頸部夾肌；(c) 1號受試者斜方肌；(d) 2號受試者胸鎖乳突肌肌；(e) 2號受試者頸部夾肌；(f) 2號受試者頸部夾肌；(g) 3號受試者胸鎖乳突肌；(h) 3號受試者頸部夾肌；(i) 3號受試者斜方肌；(j) 4號受試者胸鎖乳突肌；(k) 4號受試者頸部夾肌；(l) 4號受試者斜方肌
Figure 5. iEMG of different muscles: (a) sternocleidomastoid muscle of subject 1; (b) cervical clamp muscle of subject 1; (c) trapezius muscle of subject 1; (d) sternocleidomastoid muscle of subject 2; (e) cervical clamp muscle of subject 2; (f) cervical clamp muscle of subject 2; (g) sternocleidomastoid muscle of subject 3; (h) cervical clamp muscle of subject 3; (i) trapezius muscle of subject 3; (j) sternocleidomastoid muscle of subject 4; (k) cervical clamp muscle of subject 4; (l) trapezius muscle of subject 4
表 1 iEMG變化時間統計
Table 1. iEMG change time
肌肉部位 iEMG首次明顯增大時刻/min t檢驗 iEMG再次明顯增大時刻/min t檢驗 胸鎖乳突肌 16±4 P<0.05 62±8 P<0.05 頸部夾肌 15±5 P<0.05 82±10 P<0.05 斜方肌 17±4 P<0.05 72±8 P<0.05 
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