沖刷深度對海上風電塔地震動力響應的影響分析

宋波; 趙偉娜; 雙妙

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.20.001

沖刷深度對海上風電塔地震動力響應的影響分析

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.20.001

宋波^{1), 2)},
趙偉娜^{1), 2), ,},
雙妙^{1), 2)}

1).
北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院, 北京 100083
2).
北京科技大學強震區軌道交通工程抗震研究北京市國際科技合作基地, 北京 100083

基金項目:

國家重點研發計劃重點專項 2017YFF0205003

國家自然科學基金資助項目 51178045

教育部海外名師項目 MS2011BJKJ005

詳細信息

通訊作者:
趙偉娜, E-mail: zhaown1221@163.com

中圖分類號: TU33⁺3
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- 文章訪問數: 765
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Analysis of the influence of scour depth on the dynamic response of offshore wind turbine towers under earthquake action

SONG Bo^{1), 2)},
ZHAO Wei-na^{1), 2)
, ,},
SHUANG Miao^{1), 2)}

1).
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2).
Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology-Aseismic Research of the Rail Transit Engineering in the Strong Motion Area, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHAO Wei-na, E-mail: zhaown1221@163.com

摘要

摘要: 基于某海上風電塔進行現場監測、有限元模擬及室內振動臺試驗研究，考慮樁-土相互作用并對結構進行精細化數值模擬分析，研究了不同沖刷深度下結構自振周期的變化及不同沖刷深度對結構地震動作用下動力響應的影響規律.現場監測結果表明：6#風機結構受海水沖刷嚴重，與同時期建造的15#風機相比振動幅度明顯，說明沖刷深度對結構的影響不可忽略.數值模擬分析表明：沖刷深度主要影響結構高階振型，使結構自振周期變長，增幅最大達33%.由于沖刷致使土層對高柔性結構約束減弱，結構將產生大的振動進而導致風機停擺；在遭遇7度罕遇地震時，應立即停止發電工作.室內縮尺振動臺試驗與數值模擬所得結果的變化曲線較為均勻，趨勢上較吻合，充分驗證了數值模擬的準確性.
- 海上風電塔 /
- 沖刷深度 /
- 現場監測 /
- 振動特性 /
- 地震動力響應
Abstract: The operational environment of offshore wind turbine towers is complex, and the harsh service environment makes them more vulnerable to damage under conditions of complex stress such as sea water scouring. The scouring pit has a great influence on the vibration of wind turbine towers. It is of great importance to study the dynamic response to earthquakes of wind turbine towers under scouring depths. The research object of this study was a wind turbine tower at a wind farm in Jiangsu Province, which had a seven-degree seismic fortification in the area. Based on finite element simulation, on-site monitoring and a shaking table test of the offshore wind tower, and considering pile-soil interaction in a refined model, variation in the natural vibration period of the structure under different scouring depths and the influence of different scouring depths on the dynamic response of the structure under seismic excitation were studied. On-site monitoring results show that the #6 wind turbine structure is seriously eroded by sea water, and the vibration amplitude is clear compared with the #15 wind turbine built in the same period. These aspects indicate that the influence of scouring depth on the structure could not be ignored. Analysis of numerical simulation show that scouring depth has a great influence on the high-order mode of the structure, which lengthen the natural vibration period of the structure by a maximum of 33%. On account of scouring, constraints of the soil layer on the highly flexible structure were weakened, and the structure produced considerable vibration, which could lead to damage of structures such as wind towers. Results also indicate that when encountering a seven-degree rare earthquake, power generation should immediately be stopped. The variation curves of the shaking table test and the numerical simulation results were more uniform, and the trend coincided well, which fully verified the accuracy of the numerical simulation.
- offshore wind turbine tower /
- scour depth /
- on-site monitoring /
- vibration characteristics /
- seismic dynamic response

HTML全文

圖 1 風電塔現場實況圖

Figure 1. Photograph of wind turbine towers

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 自由振動衰減動力特性傅氏頻率. (a) 6#風機；(b) 15#風機

Figure 2. Fourier frequency of free vibration attenuation dynamic characteristic: (a) wind turbine tower 6#; (b) wind turbine tower 15#

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 各土層不同深度P-y關系曲線. (a)粉砂層；(b)粉土層

Figure 3. P-y curves at different soil layer depths: (a) silty sand; (b) silty soil

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 不同沖刷深度的計算模型示意圖及細部模擬示意圖. (a)不同沖刷深度計算模型示意圖；(b)細部模擬示意圖

Figure 4. Calculating models and detailed simulation sketches for different scouring depths: (a) calculation models of different scouring depths; (b) detailed simulation sketches

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 鋼材應力-應變曲線雙線性模型

Figure 5. Bilinear model of stress-strain curve of steel

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 6 3種地震波加速度反應譜

Figure 6. Acceleration response spectra of three types of seismic waves

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 7 不同沖刷深度條件下風電塔結構模態頻率對比圖

Figure 7. Comparison of modal frequencies of wind turbine towers under different scour depth conditions

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 8 不同沖刷深度下結構動力響應峰值. (a)位移峰值；(b)加速度峰值；(c)應力峰值

Figure 8. Peak dynamic response of structures under different scouring conditions: (a) displacement peak value; (b) acceleration peak value; (c) stress peak value

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 9 不同沖刷深度支撐結構頂部節點時程曲線. (a)位移時程曲線；(b)加速度時程曲線

Figure 9. Time-history curves of the top node with different scour depth support structures: (a) displacement-time history curve; (b) acceleration-time history curve

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 10 振動臺試驗模型. (a)試驗振動臺；(b)傳感器布置(單位：mm)；(c)振動試驗示意圖

Figure 10. Shaking table test model: (a) shaking table; (b) sensor arrangement(unit: mm); (c) schematic of the vibration test

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 11 試驗與模擬對比. (a) ILA049；(b) ILA004

Figure 11. Comparison of the experiment and simulation: (a) ILA049; (b) ILA004

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 現場急剎車試驗自振頻率

Table 1. Natural vibration frequency of field braking test

測試工況	6#風機		15#風機
測試工況	自振頻率/Hz	自振周期/s	自振頻率/Hz	自振周期/s
第一次急剎車試驗	0.319	3.135	0.331	3.021
第二次急剎車試驗	0.318	3.145	0.327	3.058

下載: 導出CSV

表 2 土層及地質參數表

Table 2. Soil layer and geological parameter

編號	類型	深度/m	有效重度, γ/(kN·m^-3)	極限側阻力標準值, q_sik/kPa	地基抗力比例系數，m/(kN·m^-4)	內摩擦角, ?/(°)	不排水剪切強度, C_u/kPa	1/2最大應力時的應變, ε_c	極限抗力側移值，y_c/mm
1	粉砂	4	9.8	15	1400	32	/	/	/
2	粉土	3	10	30	1600	30.7	/	/	/
3	粉砂	6	10	60	4000	32.6	/	/	/
3-夾	層狀粉土	6	8.2	32	2000	28.5	/	/	/
4	粉質黏土	3	9.5	52	4500	/	32	0.009	112.5
6-3	粉細砂	12	10	84	6000	34.1	/	/	/

下載: 導出CSV

表 3 沖刷前后風電塔支撐結構振動模態比較

Table 3. Comparison of vibration modes of wind turbine tower supporting structures before and after scouring

模態階數	無沖刷結構/Hz	沖刷5 m結構/Hz	降幅/%	沖刷10 m結構/Hz	降幅/%
1	0.306	0.301	1.6	0.291	4.9
2	0.311	0.305	1.9	0.295	5.1
3	0.916	0.906	1.1	0.890	2.8
4	1.225	1.205	1.6	1.172	4.3
5	1.460	1.406	3.7	1.361	6.8
6	3.095	2.942	4.9	2.715	12.3
7	3.223	2.985	7.4	2.774	13.9
8	7.017	5.819	17.1	5.683	19.0
9	7.061	6.560	7.1	6.002	15.0
10	8.186	6.597	19.4	6.124	25.2

下載: 導出CSV

表 4 不同沖刷深度結構在不同地震動作用下的動力響應結果

Table 4. Dynamic response of structures with different scouring degrees under different ground motions

地震動名稱	峰值調整/(cm·s^-2)	最大響應加速度/(m·s^-2)		加速度放大率/%		最大響應位移/m		最大響應應力/MPa
地震動名稱	峰值調整/(cm·s^-2)	沖刷5 m	沖刷10 m	沖刷5 m	沖刷10 m	沖刷5 m	沖刷10 m	沖刷5 m	沖刷10 m
Imperial Valley-06	220	9.623	10.267	9.6	17.0	0.443	0.477	68.7	71.3
	400	17.610	18.788	10.3	17.7	0.811	0.873	125.8	130.5
	1000	44.170	47.125	11.8	19.3	2.512	2.723	312.2	327.4
T1-Ⅲ-1	220	5.724	6.240	1.2	10.3	0.413	0.461	56.8	60.5
	400	10.400	11.286	2.1	10.8	0.749	0.838	103.1	109.9
	1000	26.043	28.262	6.1	15.1	2.199	2.430	260.9	275.3
T2-Ⅲ-1	220	4.151	4.396	1.1	7.1	0.231	0.240	34.5	45.6
	400	9.473	10.050	1.7	7.9	0.418	0.434	67.3	82.6
	1000	21.199	22.617	3.2	10.1	1.228	1.274	169.4	206.7

下載: 導出CSV

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