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摘要: 建立了球軸承ADAMS多體動力學模型，考慮軸承各元件之間的相互碰撞作用及摩擦力，分析了變工況下動量輪用球軸承的保持架質心的渦動行為，對保持架的運行穩定性做出了定量的分析。討論了軸承啟動加速度大小、軸向載荷和有無重力場對保持架穩定性的影響。結果表明軸承啟動加速度增加，縮短了軸承啟動過程的時間，引導面對保持架的引導作用增強，較高的轉速更有利于保持架運行的穩定，但較大的啟動加速度使得軸承摩擦力矩較大；軸向載荷升高加劇了滾動體與保持架的碰撞，增加了保持架的渦動狀態，而且軸向載荷的增加使得軸承摩擦力矩增加；失重狀態下保持架與套圈的碰撞加劇，保持架渦動增加。Abstract: The momentum wheel is a key device used for orbiting satellite attitude control. Its controlling accuracy is strongly influenced by the cage stability of the ball bearings in momentum wheels. The more stable the cage, the smaller the friction moment of the bearing, and the higher the control accuracy of the momentum wheel. In this study, an ADAMS multi-body dynamic model of ball bearings was built. In this model, the collision and friction were considered, which exist in the components of the ball bearing, that is, the balls, the rings, and the cage. The whirl behavior of the cage of the ball bearing used in the momentum wheel was analyzed under variable working conditions, and the cage stability was quantitatively analyzed. The effects of starting acceleration, axial load, and gravity field on the cage stability were discussed. The results show that an increase in the starting acceleration of the ball bearings can shorten the starting time, and the guiding effect of the guiding face on the cage is enhanced. Moreover, the cage is more stable when the speed of the ball bearing is higher. However, the greater starting acceleration can increase the friction moment of the ball bearing, which can shorten the service life. Under the premise of satisfying the cage stability, a smaller starting acceleration should be used as far as possible to prevent the larger friction moment. An increased axial load causes a strong collision of the cage and balls and increases the cage whirling state. The friction moment of the ball bearing increases when the axial load increases, which can lead to the generation of the wear and heat of bearing. In addition, an increase of the axial load of the ball bearing aggravates the collision of the balls and cage and increases the whirling state of the cage, and this reduces the cage stability. The collision of the cage and ring increases without gravity, causing an increase in the cage whirl.
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圖 2 摩擦系數與滑動速度之間關系
Figure 2. Relationship between friction coefficient and slip velocity
表 1 軸承組件材料屬性表
Table 1. Material property of bearing component
零件 密度，ρ/（kg·m?3） 彈性模量，E/Pa 泊松比，μ 外圈 7.90×103 2.06×1011 0.29 內圈 7.90×103 2.06×1011 0.29 滾動體 7.90×103 2.06×1011 0.29 保持架 1.24×103 3.00×109 0.35 
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表 2 軸承啟動加速度大小對保持架質心軌跡演化的影響
Table 2. Influence of acceleration on the evolution of the mass center of cage
α/（r·min?1·s?1） 質心軌跡演化 加速區 穩態區 加速+穩態區 1000 
5000 
8000 
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表 3 軸承軸向力對保持架質心軌跡演化的影響
Table 3. Influence of axial load on the evolution of the mass center of cage
Fa/N 質心軌跡演化 加速區 穩態區 加速+穩態區 5 
200 
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