尾礦庫潰壩災害防控現狀及發展

王昆; 楊鵬; Karen Hudson-Edwards; 呂文生; 卜磊

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.05.002

尾礦庫潰壩災害防控現狀及發展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.05.002

1) 北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院, 北京 100083
2) 埃克塞特大學環境與可持續發展研究所, 康沃爾 TR10 9FE
3) 北京聯合大學北京市信息服務工程重點實驗室, 北京 100101

基金項目:

國家留學基金委建設高水平大學公派研究生資助項目(201706460051)

國家自然科學基金資助項目(51774045)

詳細信息

中圖分類號: TD77.1
計量
- 文章訪問數: 2782
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 1042
- PDF下載量: 121
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2018-01-02

Status and development for the prevention and management of tailings dam failure accidents

1) School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2) Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
3) Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China

摘要

摘要: 尾礦庫潰壩災害應急響應時間短、潛在威脅巨大,往往造成慘重人員傷亡與巨額財產損失. 近些年尾礦庫安全事故發生數量的總體下降趨勢充分體現出現代化技術及安全管理方面的進步,然而重大事故發生頻次卻不減反增,2015年巴西Samarco鐵礦與2014年加拿大Mount Polley重大潰壩事故及其慘重后果,再次為尾礦庫安全敲響警鐘. 我國現存尾礦庫8869座,含"頭頂庫"1425座,安全形勢復雜. 本文在收集大量相關領域文獻的基礎上,聚焦尾礦庫潰壩災害防控體系中的安全監測、災害預警與應急準備、安全管理與標準規范這三大方面核心內容,分別綜述對比國內外現狀及前沿進展,探討分析我國當前所面臨的問題并嘗試提出改進建議,為尾礦庫防災減災理論研究與技術革新提供參考. 結果表明:(1)我國尾礦庫安全監測標準更高,但儀器耐久性、可靠度與實用性不足,專用監測器件與新技術的研發應用勢在必行;(2)災害預警方法單一且可信度不高,而信息技術融合應用成為發展趨勢;(3)應急管理與預警決策需以充分的科學論證為基礎,當前研究在試驗手段與計算方法上存在局限;(4)我國擁有完善的安全管理標準規范體系,但在安全等別劃分、全生命周期管理、主體變更、事故總結等方面相對欠缺.
- 尾礦庫潰壩 /
- 安全監測 /
- 預警 /
- 應急準備計劃 /
- 安全管理
Abstract: Tailings dam failure accidents with limited emergency response time and substantial potential threats often lead to heavy casualties and severe financial losses. In recent years, the decreasing trend of tailings dam failure accidents shows the development of modern technology and safety management. However, the frequency of major tailings dam failure accidents has increased, rather than decreased. The 2015 Samarco Accident in Brazil and the 2014 Mount Polley Accident in Canada, along with their disastrous consequences, once again sounded the alarm to improve the safety of tailings ponds. China is now facing a complicated safety situation because there are 8869 tailings ponds throughout the country, including 1425 overhead tailings ponds that represent the tailings ponds located within 1 km upstream of residential areas, workshops, schools, or other important facilities. Based on a large number of relevant research studies, focusing on three main aspects of accident prevention and management that include safety monitoring, early-warning and emergency preparation, safety management codes and standards, the status and frontier progress are reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the relevant problems in China are discussed, and several improvement recommendations are presented that can provide a reference for theoretical research and technological innovation for preventing tailings pond accidents. The results are as follows:(1) The safety monitoring standards in China are relatively strict. However, the monitoring instruments lack stability, reliability, and practicability. Thus, specific devices and new technologies need to be developed. (2) The current early-warning method lacks diversity and reliability, and using information technology in interdisciplinary applications is becoming the developing trend. (3) The emergency management and decision-making should be based on sufficient scientific proof. However, the relevant research is limited by test methods and simulating algorithms. (4) Lastly, China has established a complete system of safety management codes and standards, but with the current problems of safety level classification, life-cycle management, change management process, and accident investigation, greater progress is needed.
- tailings dam failure /
- safety monitoring /
- early-warning /
- emergency preparation plan /
- safety management

HTML全文

參考文獻(42)

[2]	Lottermoser B G. Mine Wastes:Characterization, Treatment and Environmental Impacts. 3rd Ed. Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer, 2010
[3]	Hudson-Edwards K A, Jamieson H E, Lottermoser B G. Mine wastes:past, present, future. Elements, 2011, 7(6):375
[4]	Hudson-Edwards K. Tackling mine wastes. Sci, 2016, 352(6283):288
[7]	Kossoff D, Dubbin W E, Alfredsson M, et al. Mine tailings dams:characteristics, failure, environmental impacts, and remediation. Appl Geochem, 2014, 51:229
[8]	Azam S, Li Q R. Tailings dam failures:a review of the last one hundred years. Geotech News, 2010, 28(4):50
[9]	ICOLD, UNEP. Tailings Dams Risk of Dangerous Occurrences, Lessons Learnt From Practical Experiences (Bulletin 121). France:International Commission on Large Dams, 2001
[10]	Bowker L N, Chambers D M. The risk, public liability, & economics of tailings storage facility failures[EB/OL]. Earthwork Action (2015-07-21)[2017-10-19]. https://earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/pubs-others/BowkerChambers-RiskPublicLiability_EconomicsOfTailingsStorageFacility%20Failures-23Jul15.pdf
[13]	Byrne P, Hudson-Edwards K, Macklin M, et al. The long-term environmental impacts of the Mount Polley mine tailings spill//EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. British Columbia, 2015
[14]	Mei G D. Quantitative assessment method study based on weakness theory of dam failure risks in tailings dam. Procedia Eng, 2011, 26:1827
[19]	Scott M D, Lo R C, Thavaraj T. Use of instrumentation to safeguard stability of a tailings dam//Seventh International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics. Boston, 2007:1
[20]	Song Y S, Cho Y C, Kim K S. Monitoring and stability analysis of a coal mine waste heap slope in Korea. Eng Geol Soc Terr, 2015, 2:217
[21]	Rashed M N. Monitoring of contaminated toxic and heavy metals, from mine tailings through age accumulation, in soil and some wild plants at Southeast Egypt. J Hazard Mater, 2010, 178(1-3):739
[22]	Buselli G, Lu K L. Groundwater contamination monitoring with multichannel electrical and electromagnetic methods. J Appl Geophys, 2001, 48(1):11
[23]	Goldcorp. Tailings monitoring embraces innovation[EB/OL]. Goldcorp (2016-06-05)[2017-12-18]. https://blog.goldcorp.com/2016/06/05/tailings-monitoring-embraces-innovation
[24]	Vanden Berghe J F, Ballard J C, Wintgens J F, et al. Geotechnical risks related to tailings dam operations//Proceedings Tailings and Mine Waste. Vancouver, 2011
[25]	Zandarín M T, Oldecop L A, Rodríguez R, et al. The role of capillary water in the stability of tailing dams. Eng Geol, 2009, 105(1-2):108
[26]	Coulibaly Y, Belem T, Cheng L Z. Numerical analysis and geophysical monitoring for stability assessment of the Northwest tailings dam at Westwood Mine. Int J Min Sci Technol, 2017, 27(4):701
[27]	Sjödahl P, Dahlin T, Johansson S. Using resistivity measurements for dam safety evaluation at Enemossen tailings dam in southern Sweden. Environ Geol, 2005, 49(2):267
[28]	Colombo D, MacDonald B. Using advanced InSAR techniques as a remote tool for mine site monitoring//Proceedings of the SAIMM International Symposium on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering. Cape Town, 2015:1
[29]	Palmer J. Creeping earth could hold secret to deadly landslides. Nature, 2017, 548(7668):384
[30]	Schmidt B, Malgesini M, Turner J, et al. Satellite monitoring of a large tailings storage facility//Proceedings Tailings and Mine Waste. Vancouver, 2015
[31]	Emel J, Plisinski J, Rogan J. Monitoring geomorphic and hydrologic change at mine sites using satellite imagery:the Geita Gold Mine in Tanzania. Appl Geography, 2014, 54:243
[32]	Minacapilli M, Cammalleri C, Ciraolo G, et al. Thermal inertia modeling for soil surface water content estimation:a laboratory experiment. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 2012, 76(1):92
[33]	Zwissler B, Buikema N, Oommen T, et al. Thermal remote sensing for mine tailings strength characterization//Geo-Congress 2014:Geo-characterization and Modeling for Sustainability. Atlanta, 2014:979
[34]	Colomina I, Molina P. Unmanned aerial systems for photogrammetry and remote sensing:a review. ISPRS J Photogrammetry Remote Sensing, 2014, 92:79
[35]	Pajares G. Overview and current status of remote sensing applications based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Photogrammetric Eng Remote Sensing, 2015, 81(4):281
[36]	Peternel T, Kumelj Š, Oštir K, et al. Monitoring the Potoška planina landslide (NW Slovenia) using UAV photogrammetry and tachymetric measurements. Landslides, 2017, 14(1):395
[52]	Azzam R, Arnhardt C, Fernandez-Steeger T M. Monitoring and early warning of slope instabilities and deformations by sensor fusion in self-organized wireless ad-hoc sensor networks//Proceedings of the International Symposium and the 2nd AUN/Seed-Net Regional Conference on Geo-Disaster Mitigation in ASEAN-Protecting Life from Geo-Disaster and Environmental Hazards. Yogyakarta, 2010:163
[53]	Peters E T, Malet J P, Bogaard T A. Multi-sensor monitoring network for real-time landslide forecasts in early warning systems//Proceeding Conference on Mountain Risks:Bringing Science to Society. Florence, 2010:335
[54]	Intrieri E, Gigli G, Mugnai F, et al. Design and implementation of a landslide early warning system. Eng Geol, 2012, 147-148:124
[55]	Capparelli G, Tiranti D. Application of the MoniFLaIR early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in Piedmont region (Italy). Landslides, 2010, 7(4):401
[56]	Intrieri E, Gigli G, Casagli N, et al. Brief communication "Landslide Early Warning System:toolbox and general concepts". Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, 2013, 13(1):85
[57]	Krzhizhanovskaya V V, Shirshov G S, Melnikova N B, et al. Flood early warning system:design, implementation and computational modules. Procedia Comput Sci, 2011, 4:106
[58]	Zare M, Pourghasemi H R, Vafakhah M, et al. Landslide susceptibility mapping at Vaz Watershed (Iran) using an artificial neural network model:a comparison between multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basic function (RBF) algorithms. Arab J Geosci, 2013, 6(8):2873
[61]	Dong L J, Shu W W, Sun D Y, et al. Pre-alarm system based on real-time monitoring and numerical simulation using internet of things and cloud computing for tailings dam in mines. IEEE Access, 2017, 5:21080
[68]	Dong L J, Sun D Y, Li X B. Theoretical and case studies of interval nonprobabilistic reliability for tailing dam stability. Geofluids, 2017, 2017:8745894
[70]	Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature, 2000, 407(6803):487
[72]	MAC(The Mining Association of Canada). A Guide to the Management of Tailings Facilities. 3rd Ed. Ottawa:MAC, 2017
[73]	CDA (Canadian Dam Association). Summary report:workshop on emergency management for dams[EB/OL]. Canadian Dam Association (2015-02-25)[2017-11-01]. https://cda.ca/EN/Announcements/Archives/Emergency_Mgmt_Workshop.aspx
[75]	International Council on Mining & Metals. Position statement on preventing catastrophic failure of tailings storage facilities[EB/OL]. ICMM (2016-12-01)[2017-12-11]. https://www.icmm.com/website/publications/pdfs/commitments/2016_icmm-ps_tailings-governance.pdf
[84]	Schoenberger E. Environmentally sustainable mining:the case of tailings storage facilities. Resour Policy, 2016, 49:119
[86]	Golder Associates. Review of tailings management guidelines and recommendations for improvement[EB/OL]. ICMM (International Council on Mining and Metals) (2016-12-01)[2017-11-10]. https://www.icmm.com/website/publications/pdfs/tailings/161205_review-of-tailings-management-guidelines.pdf