新能源汽車驅動電機用高強無取向硅鋼力、磁性能調控研究進展

程朝陽; 鐘柏林; 倪正軒; 景文強; 張施琦; 劉靜

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.09.06.004

新能源汽車驅動電機用高強無取向硅鋼力、磁性能調控研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.09.06.004

武漢科技大學省部共建耐火材料與冶金國家重點實驗室，武漢 430081

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（52074200, 52274393）；湖北省重點研發計劃資助項目（2020BAA027）；湖北省自然科學基金資助項目（2022CFB091）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: liujing@wust.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG142.1
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-06
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-10-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-25

Research progress on simultaneous control of mechanical and magnetic properties of high-strength non-oriented silicon steel for new energy vehicle driving motors

The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: liujing@wust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 新能源汽車能夠有效緩解傳統汽車行業對化石燃料的嚴重依賴和全球所面臨的環境問題，是未來發展的必然趨勢。驅動電機作為新能源汽車的動力核心，不僅需要具有優異的磁性能提高能源轉換效率，同時需要具有高強度來抵抗高速運轉時的離心力。然而，無取向硅鋼的強度和磁性能難以兼顧，因此無取向硅鋼力、磁性能的協同調控是新能源汽車驅動電機發展過程中的一個關鍵科學問題。本文綜述了國內外有關高強無取向硅鋼力學性能和磁性能調控的相關研究現狀，分析了不同強化方式對無取向硅鋼磁性能的影響，指出了新能源汽車驅動電機用高強無取向硅鋼力學性能和磁性能協同調控的未來發展趨勢，即多種強化方式共同作用或利用細小彌散的納米共格析出相實現高強無取向硅鋼力、磁性能的最佳匹配，為新能源汽車驅動電機用高強無取向硅鋼的發展提供借鑒。
- 高強無取向硅鋼 /
- 新能源汽車驅動電機 /
- 強化方式 /
- 磁性能 /
- 納米共格析出相
Abstract: New energy vehicles can effectively alleviate the severe dependence of the conventional automobile industry on fossil fuels and the environmental problems worldwide. They are an inevitable requirement in the future development of vehicles. As the power core of new energy vehicles, the driving motors should demonstrate excellent magnetic properties to improve energy conversion efficiency and high strength to resist centrifugal forces during high-speed operation. However, the mechanical and magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steels remain challenging to balance. Therefore, their coordinated control is a key scientific issue in developing driving motors used in new energy vehicles. This study reviews the regulation of the mechanical and magnetic properties of high-strength non-oriented silicon steels. Additionally, the influence of various strengthening methods on the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steels is analyzed. Furthermore, this review highlights the future development of coordinated control of the mechanical and magnetic properties of high-strength non-oriented silicon steels. In non-oriented silicon steels, the dislocation density is relatively low, and the grain size is rather large. Thus, the contribution of dislocation and fine-grain strengthening to the yield strength is minimal. Therefore, by combining fine-grain, dislocation, and solid solution strengthening, the best match in the mechanical and magnetic properties of high-strength nonoriented silicon steels can be obtained. Although the precipitation strengthening effect of alloying elements, such as Nb, Ti, V, and Zr, in nonoriented silicon steels is evident, the carbonitrides formed are coarse-sized and irregularly shaped, which considerably deteriorates the magnetic properties of nonoriented silicon steels. During the early stage of aging treatment, the dispersed Cu precipitates with a BCC structure and fairly small grain size, exhibiting a good strengthening effect. Moreover, these Cu precipitates are coherent with the matrix and exhibit little hindering force on the movement of magnetic domains such that they do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of nonoriented silicon steels. Therefore, employing various strengthening methods or finely dispersed nano-coherent precipitates, nonoriented silicon steels with high strength and excellent magnetic properties can be developed for application in driving motors of new energy vehicles, which is an essential requirement for the high-quality development of the new energy vehicle industry.
- high-strength nonoriented silicon steel /
- new energy vehicles driving motors /
- strengthen methods /
- magnetic properties /
- nano-coherent precipitation

HTML全文

圖 1 新能源汽車驅動電機與電機鐵芯性能需求

Figure 1. Performance requirements of driving motor and motor core of new energy vehicles

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圖 2 國內外高強無取向硅鋼產品性能. (a) JFE; (b)新日鐵; (c)國內企業

Figure 2. Performance of domestic and foreign high-strength non-oriented silicon steels: (a) JFE Steel; (b) Nippon Steel; (c) domestic steel

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圖 3 無取向硅鋼鐵損P_1.5/50與平均晶粒尺寸的關系

Figure 3. Relationship between iron loss P_1.5/50 and average grain size in nonoriented silicon steels

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圖 4 鐵素體鋼中平均晶粒尺寸對屈服強度貢獻量的影響

Figure 4. Effect of average grain size on yield strength increment in ferritic steels

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圖 5 不同退火溫度下保溫240 s對再結晶百分比, 位錯密度, 屈服強度增量的影響

Figure 5. Effect of various annealing temperatures (240 s) on the recrystallized percentage, dislocation density, and yield strength increment

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圖 6 合金元素固溶量為0.1%時對屈服強度產生的增量

Figure 6. Yield strength increment by solid solution strengthening with 0.1% alloying elements

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圖 7 元素對無取向硅鋼磁性能的影響. (a) Si; (b) Al; (c) Mn

Figure 7. Effect of alloying elements on the magnetic properties of nonoriented silicon steels: (a) Si; (b) Al; (c) Mn

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圖 8 繞過機制與切過機制

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the Orowan and cutting mechanisms

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圖 9 退火溫度對含Nb與不含Nb無取向硅鋼性能的影響. (a)屈服強度; (b)磁感應強度B₅₀; (c)鐵損P_1.0/400

Figure 9. Effect of annealing temperature on the properties of nonoriented silicon steels with or without Nb: (a) yield strength; (b) magnetic induction B₅₀; (c) iron loss P_1.0/400

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圖 10 無取向硅鋼中時效時間對Cu析出相結構演變的影響^[20,66]. (a~e) BCC→9R→FCC; (f~k) BCC→FCC

Figure 10. Effect of aging time on the crystal structure evolution of Cu precipitation in nonoriented silicon steels^[20,66]: (a–e) BCC→ 9R→ FCC; (f–k) BCC→ FCC

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圖 11 時效過程中Cu析出相對無取向硅鋼性能的影響. (a~c)屈服強度; (d)磁性能

Figure 11. Effect of Cu precipitation formed during aging treatment on the properties of nonoriented silicon steels: (a–c) yield strength; (d) magnetic properties

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