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摘要: 近年來，微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉積技術（MICP）成為巖土工程領域的熱點方向，其中島礁背景下的MICP加固技術更是具有廣闊前景。本文系統總結了微生物礦化作用基本原理以及島礁工程建設中的MICP技術最新進展，得出了以下結論：MICP反應產物是碳酸鈣，與鈣質砂成分相同，滿足島礁生態需求；島礁溫度、pH條件適宜MICP反應，仍需深入研究輻射、波流條件等島礁特殊環境因素對MICP反應的影響；島礁微生物技術能大幅提升鈣質地層強度、剛度、樁基承載力、岸坡抗波流侵蝕能力，對于固島強島意義重大，需進一步通過現場原位加固試驗驗證該技術在島礁環境下的適用性。目前，MICP數值模型研究尚處于起步階段，主要通過單元試驗、模型試驗驗證，需開發可考慮島礁環境（溫度、pH、波流等）的MICP多過程數值理論模型，基于現場原位尺度試驗驗證其準確性。研究工作可為島礁環境下的MICP加固提供參考。Abstract: Being an environmentally friendly technology, Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) has become a popular research topic in the field of geotechnical and environmental engineering, among which island microbial technology is a promising direction. This paper systematically summarizes the basic principles of microbial mineralization and the progress made in the use of MICP in construction work done on islands, such as the reinforcement of calcareous sand, protection of island slopes from erosion, and reinforcement of pile foundations, and the numerical modeling performed in island engineering. The following conclusions can be drawn: MICP produces calcium carbonate, which is the same as calcareous sand, and thus MICP can be used to meet the ecological reinforcement requirements of islands. The temperature and soil pH of the islands are suitable for MICP. Urease activity in soil nonlinearly increases as environmental temperature increases in the range from 5 ℃ to 40 ℃, and the soil pH influences pore solution concentrations, which in turn affects the deposition rate, yield, and morphology of calcium carbonate. The optimal pH value required for the mineralization caused by Sporosarcina pasteurii is approximately 9. However, the influence of the special environmental characteristics of islands, such as radiation, waves and currents, on MICP requires further study. Island microbial technology can be used to greatly enhance the strength and stiffness of calcareous sand in islands, the bearing capacity of pile foundations constructed in islands, and the erosion resistance of island slopes against waves and currents. The verification of the applicability of MICP in an island environment and the determination of the efficiency of bacterial urease activity, morphology and deposition rate of calcium carbonate in calcareous sand, physical and mechanical properties and uniformity of cemented calcareous sand layers in that environment require in-situ reinforcement tests. Most of the previous research on MICP is laboratory experiments. The spatiotemporal evolutions of the chemical substances used in various processes of MICP cannot be determined in real-time. The labor and other resources used in field experiments, which are highly dependent on field conditions, are expensive. Therefore, a reliable numerical model is highly important to understand the biochemical processes associated with MICP. However, research on MICP numerical models is still in its infancy, and currently, the MICP models are verified mainly using element and model tests. The development of a numerical model for the multiple processes of MICP suitable for the environmental conditions, such as temperature, soil pH, waves, and currents, of an island and verification of the accuracy of the model based on in situ reinforcement tests is extremely important. The findings can provide a reference for soil reinforcement in an island environment using MICP.
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Key words:
- island construction /
- MICP /
- calcareous sand /
- island environment /
- ground reinforcement /
- numerical model
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圖 1 島礁地層MICP現場加固試驗[19]. (a) 島礁現場試驗照片; (b) 貫入強度測點; (c) 鈣質砂地層貫入強度與處理次數之間的關系
Figure 1. MICP field reinforcement test of island formations[19]: (a) island field test image; (b) measuring points of the penetration strength; (c) relationship between the penetration strength of the calcareous sand formation and number of treatments
圖 4 MICP加固界面剪切試驗結果[33]. (a) 多功能界面剪切設備; (b) MICP膠結界面摩爾庫倫強度規律；(c) MICP膠結界面剪切帶厚度與碳酸鈣含量之間的關系; (d) MICP膠結機理（放大200、160、1200倍）
Figure 4. Interface shear test results for MICP reinforcement[33]: (a) multifunctional interface shear device; (b) molar Coulomb strength law of the MICP cemented interface; (c) the relationship between the shear band thickness and the calcium carbonate content at the MICP cemented interface; (d) MICP cementing mechanism (magnify 200, 160, 1200 times)
圖 5 MICP加固鈣質地層中樁基試驗結果[37]. (a) 鈣質砂級配與微觀形貌（d代表顆粒粒徑）; (b) 樁基承載特性與貫入強度分布（δ，D和ID分別代表樁頂位移、模型樁樁徑和鈣質砂土相對密實度）
Figure 5. Test results of MICP reinforced pile foundation in calcareous sand formation[37]: (a) gradation distribution and microscopic morphology of the calcareous sand (d represents the particle size); (b) bearing characteristics of pile foundation and distribution of penetration strength (δ, D and ID represent the displacement of the pile top, the diameter of the model pile and the relative density of the calcareous sand, respectively)
圖 9 考慮波浪作用的MICP加固海床與響應（其中pTw/P0和σz-Tw/P0分別代表一個波浪周期內超孔壓幅值、豎向有效應力幅值與海床表面波壓力P0之比）
Figure 9. Seabed reinforcement by MICP and the dynamic response with the consideration of the waves (pTw/P0 and σ,z-Tw/P0 represent the ratio of excess pore pressure amplitude, vertical effective stress amplitude to the wave pressure at the seabed surface P0)
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