冷卻速率對δ-TRIP鋼包晶相變的影響

江亮; 廖銘煜; 王振東; 朱鴻鑫; 崔衡

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.03.07.004

冷卻速率對δ-TRIP鋼包晶相變的影響

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.03.07.004

江亮¹,
廖銘煜¹,
王振東¹,
朱鴻鑫¹,
崔衡^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京科技大學鋼鐵共性技術協同創新中心，北京 100083
2.
現代交通金屬材料與加工技術北京實驗室，北京 100083

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（U1860106）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: cuiheng@ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG142.1
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-07
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-05-05
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-01

Effect of cooling rate on the peritectic transformation of δ-TRIP steel

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail:cuiheng@ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 在鋼的凝固過程中冷卻速率對鋼的相變具有不可忽視的影響。本研究采用Thermo-calc熱力學軟件，模擬計算了含Al 3.52%（質量分數）的δ鐵素體相變誘導塑性（δ-TRIP）鋼的相轉變過程，并分別使用差示掃描量熱法（DSC)和Ohnaka微觀偏析模型，分析了不同冷卻速率對3.52%Al δ-TRIP鋼凝固過程中的包晶相變溫度，以及溶質元素偏析的影響。結果表明，冷卻速率越小，DSC試驗所得的相變溫度越接近Thermo-calc計算的熱力學平衡值。隨著冷卻速率從10、30增加到50 ℃·min^–1，L→L+δ的轉變溫度降低，L+δ→L+δ+γ和L+δ+γ→δ+γ的轉變溫度先降低后升高，前者主要受過冷度的影響，后者主要受元素偏析的影響。冷卻速率對C、Mn、S的偏析影響很小，對Si、P、Al的偏析影響較大，并且隨著冷卻速率的增加，Si、P、Al偏析程度增加。Si和P的偏析會小幅度延緩包晶反應的進程；Al對改變包晶反應進程作用明顯，隨著冷卻速率的增加，包晶反應區域逐漸下移，且下移趨勢漸緩。
- δ-TRIP鋼 /
- 冷卻速率 /
- 相變 /
- 微觀偏析 /
- DSC
Abstract: The phase transformation of carbon steel has always been a research hotspot. Researchers study the phase transformation process of steel in terms of the original structure, chemical composition, and process conditions, and the cooling rate in process conditions has an important influence on the phase transformation of steel. In this study, Thermo-calc thermodynamic software is used to simulate and calculate the phase transformation process of 3.52%Al (mass fraction) delta ferrite transformation-induced plasticity (δ-TRIP) steel, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the Ohnaka microsegregation model are used to analyze the effect of cooling rate on the peritectic transformation temperature and solute element segregation during solidification of 3.52%Al δ-TRIP steel. The results show that the smaller the cooling rate is, the closer the DSC phase transition temperature is to the thermodynamic equilibrium value calculated by Thermo-calc. Increasing the cooling rate from 10 to 30 to 50 ℃·min^?1 decreases the phase transition temperature of L→L+δ and first decreases and then increases those of L+δ→L+δ+γ and L+δ+γ→δ+γ. The former temperature is mainly affected by cooling, and the latter temperatures are mainly affected by element segregation. Among the six elements (C, Si, Mn, P, S, and Al) of 3.52%Al δ-TRIP steel, the segregation of S is the most severe. This result is obtained because the partition coefficient k of the S element at the solid–liquid interface is much smaller than those of other solute elements. The rapid S element enrichment at the end of solidification increases the possibility of sulfide precipitation, forms a low melting point liquid film between dendrites, reduces the zero plastic temperature, and increases the solidification brittleness range and crack sensitivity. Therefore, the sulfur content in steel should be strictly controlled during composition smelting. The cooling rate slightly affects C, Mn, and S segregation but greatly affects Si, P, and Al segregation, and the degree of segregation of Si, P, and Al increases with the cooling rate. The segregation of Si, P, and Al delays the peritectic reaction process, the segregation of Si and P slightly delays the peritectic reaction process, and Al segregation clearly delays the peritectic reaction process. With increasing cooling rate, the lower the peritectic reaction area moves, the slower the peritectic reaction process. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the continuous casting process parameters of δ-TRIP steel.
- δ-TRIP steel /
- cooling rate /
- phase transformation /
- microsegregation /
- differential scanning calorimetry

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圖 1 DSC溫度控制示意圖

Figure 1. Differential scanning calorimetry temperature control schematic

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圖 2 Thermo-calc所計算的偽二元Fe–C相圖

Figure 2. Equilibrium phase fraction diagram of experimental steel calculated using Thermo-calc

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圖 3 Thermo-calc所計算的試驗鋼平衡相分數圖

Figure 3. Equilibrium phase fraction diagram of experimental steel calculated using Thermo-calc

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圖 4 不同冷卻速率下試驗鋼的DSC曲線

Figure 4. Differential scanning calorimetry curves of experimental steel at different cooling rates

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圖 5 吉布斯自由能和溫度的關系示意圖

Figure 5. Relationship between Gibbs free energy and temperature

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圖 6 不同冷卻速率下液相中各元素含量隨固相率的變化圖. (a) C; (b) Si; (c) Mn; (d) P; (e) S; (f) Al

Figure 6. Variation diagram of element content in the liquid phase with a solid phase rate under different cooling rates: (a) C; (b) Si; (c) Mn; (d) P; (e) S; (f) Al

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圖 7 同一冷卻速率下各元素的微觀偏析度隨固相率的變化圖. (a) 10 ℃·min^–1; (b) 30 ℃·min^–1; (c) 50 ℃·min^–1

Figure 7. Variation diagram of the liquid phase content of each element with a solidification rate under different cooling rates: (a) 10 ℃·min^?1; (b) 30 ℃·min^?1; (c) 50 ℃·min^?1

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圖 8 不同冷卻速率下最終偏析成分的偽二元Fe–C相圖

Figure 8. Pseudobinary Fe–C phase diagrams of the final segregation composition at different cooling rates

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圖 9 不同冷卻速率下Si、P、Al最終偏析成分的偽二元Fe–C相圖. (a) Si; (b) P; (c) Al

Figure 9. Pseudobinary Fe–C phase diagram of the final segregation composition of Si, P, Al, and S at different cooling rates: (a) Si; (b) P; (c) Al

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表 1 δ-TRIP鋼的化學成分(質量分數)

Table 1. Chemical composition of δ-TRIP steel %

C	Si	Mn	P	S	O	N	Al	Fe
0.37	0.62	1.29	0.0070	0.0032	0.00066	0.00099	3.52	Bal.

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表 2 不同冷卻速率的DSC曲線上的點對應的溫度

Table 2. Temperature corresponding to the points on the differential scanning calorimetry curve at different cooling rates ℃

Cooling rate/(℃·min^?1)	A	B	C	D	E
10	1501.0	1497.1	1420.6	1419.6	1404.8
30	1490.3	1476.9	1344.6	1343.6	1326.6
50	1487.4	1471.3	1367.0	1365.0	1336.9

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表 3 不同冷卻速率下的相轉變溫度

Table 3. Phase transition temperature at different cooling rates ℃

Phase transformation	0 ℃·min^?1 (Thermo-calc)	10 ℃·min^?1 (DSC)	30 ℃·min^?1 (DSC)	50 ℃·min^?1 (DSC)
L→L+δ	1503.2	1501.0	1490.3	1487.4
L+δ→L+δ+γ	1422.7	1420.6	1344.6	1367.0
L+δ+γ→δ+γ	1411.2	1404.8	1326.6	1336.9

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表 4 不同冷卻速率下各個放熱峰單位質量的相變焓值

Table 4. Phase change enthalpy per unit mass of each exothermic peak at different cooling rates J·g^?1

Cooling rate/(℃·min^?1)	Peak 1	Peak 2
10	0.0418	0.0068
30	0.0407	0.0048
50	0.0405	0.0055

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表 5 溶質在鐵中的平衡分配系數和擴散系數^[20–21]

Table 5. Equilibrium partition coefficient and diffusion coefficient of solutes in iron^[20–21]

Elements	k	D_S/(cm²·s^?1)
C	0.19	0.0127Exp[–81301/(RT)]
Si	0.77	8.0Exp[–248710/(RT)]
Mn	0.77	0.76Exp[–116935/(RT)]
P	0.23	2.9Exp[–229900/(RT)]
S	0.05	4.56Exp[–214434/(RT)]
Al	0.6	5.9Exp[–241186/(RT)]
Note: R—8.314 J·K^?1?mol^?1; T—Temperature in Kelvin.

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表 6 DSC試驗得到的不同冷卻速率下的T_L和T_S

Table 6. T_L and T_S under different cooling rates obtained from differential scanning calorimetry experiments ℃

Cooling rate/(℃·min^?1)	T_L	T_S
10	1501.0	1404.8
30	1490.3	1326.6
50	1487.4	1336.9

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表 7 不同冷卻速率下各元素偏析后的最終成分（質量分數）

Table 7. Final composition of elements after segregation at different cooling rates %

Cooling rate/(℃·min^?1)	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Al
10	1.95	0.87	1.68	0.040	0.075	6.65
30	1.95	0.92	1.68	0.047	0.075	7.20
50	1.95	0.93	1.68	0.049	0.075	7.33

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